Breaking
ITFerry in difficulty between Java and Borneo: one victim and 102 people rescuedTREntry to the sea is prohibited in SarıyerRUIn Moscow on Sunday partly cloudy skies with no precipitation and temperatures up to +19°C are expectedUKRyan Garcia stops Conor Benn in second round to retain WBC welterweight titleUSTexas Completes Fourth-Largest Comeback in Program History to Defeat Ohio State 24-23RUIn Tatarstan, an enemy drone hit a tree and damaged a car, killing two peopleCNTaxi parked illegally and stopped, wanted criminal arrested on the spotARAl-Taawoun defeats Al-Hilal 6-0 and announces the termination of its coach Lazetic’s contractDEJelena Rybakina wins US Open 2026 and becomes new world number oneTRIn Konya, the motorcyclist who got a bee on his helmet lost control and crashed into Abdullah Demirbaş.ITFerry in difficulty between Java and Borneo: one victim and 102 people rescuedTREntry to the sea is prohibited in SarıyerRUIn Moscow on Sunday partly cloudy skies with no precipitation and temperatures up to +19°C are expectedUKRyan Garcia stops Conor Benn in second round to retain WBC welterweight titleUSTexas Completes Fourth-Largest Comeback in Program History to Defeat Ohio State 24-23RUIn Tatarstan, an enemy drone hit a tree and damaged a car, killing two peopleCNTaxi parked illegally and stopped, wanted criminal arrested on the spotARAl-Taawoun defeats Al-Hilal 6-0 and announces the termination of its coach Lazetic’s contractDEJelena Rybakina wins US Open 2026 and becomes new world number oneTRIn Konya, the motorcyclist who got a bee on his helmet lost control and crashed into Abdullah Demirbaş.
Back朝“问”健康丨孩子为什么会有出生缺陷?做好预防很关键
朝“问”健康丨孩子为什么会有出生缺陷?做好预防很关键
Health
中国新闻网yesterdayHealth3 min readChinaView translation

朝“问”健康丨孩子为什么会有出生缺陷?做好预防很关键

Quick Look

全国预防出生缺陷日,我国出生缺陷发生率5%-6%,疾病谱因高龄生育和慢性病上升呈新变化,专家强调出生缺陷可干预可预防,需重视孕前检查、叶酸补充、健康生活方式及高危人群专业咨询。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

全国预防出生缺陷日,我国出生缺陷发生率在5%-6%左右,多年防治降低了神经管缺陷等重病发生率,但高龄生育和慢性病上升导致疾病谱新变化。

Font size

今天(12日)是全国预防出生缺陷日,国家卫生健康委确定的主题是“科技赋能出生缺陷防治服务”。

我国是出生缺陷的高发国家,发生率在5%到6%左右。多年来通过综合防治,神经管缺陷、唐氏综合征等严重出生缺陷的发生率大幅降低。但由于生育年龄普遍推迟、慢性病发病率上升等因素,出生缺陷的疾病谱发生一些新的变化,成为当前防控的新重点。

我国出生缺陷重症下降

疾病谱呈现新变化

出生缺陷是指婴儿出生前发生的身体结构、功能或代谢异常,目前已知的出生缺陷超过8000种,绝大多数罕见病都是出生缺陷造成的,它是导致新生儿死亡、儿童残疾、远期发育障碍的重要原因。

解放军总医院第一医学中心产科主任游艳琴介绍,当前出生缺陷疾病谱较以往发生细微变化。过去染色体数目异常、神经管缺陷较多见,如今随着孕前和孕期规范补服叶酸及早孕期筛查普及,严重的染色体异常疾病发生率是下降的。

但是,随着目前生育年龄的推迟,染色体异常等多因素复杂高龄高危遗传病的发病率呈上升趋势,目前成为出生缺陷防控的一个新的特点。特别是一些慢性病,比如糖尿病或者肥胖的病人,胎儿先天性心脏病的发病风险比普通人群有所增加。

父母都健康

孩子一定不会有出生缺陷吗?

“父母身体健康,孩子就一定不会出现出生缺陷”,这样的想法让一些人往往忽视了婚检、孕前、孕中的筛查。专家提醒,这是出生缺陷预防的主要误区之一。

北京大学第三医院产科主任魏瑗表示,其实每个人都携带一些可能致病的基因,这些基因对应的疾病叫隐性遗传病,携带者本人并不发病。如果夫妻双方恰好同时携带同一种疾病、同一位点的致病基因,巧合之下孩子就会发病。

出生缺陷不止与遗传有关

除了家族遗传、基因以外,出生缺陷其实和环境因素也息息相关。遗传因素只占25%左右,环境因素约占10%,环境因素与遗传因素相互作用的约占65%,也就是说大多数出生缺陷是可干预、可预防的。

胎儿发育受孕期多重外界因素影响,孕期不经意的病毒感染、药物误用、辐射接触、长期熬夜、精神压力过大、营养元素缺乏等,都可能干扰胎儿正常发育,孕期筛查不可或缺。那么是不是产检全都做,出生缺陷就能全查出来呢?

北京大学第三医院产科主任魏瑗表示,产检只能尽可能完善相关的诊断,并不能诊断出所有的出生缺陷。目前妊娠期对常见疾病的筛查诊断,已能覆盖90%以上的出生缺陷,但仍有很多罕见疾病无法在产前诊断出来。

专家提醒,关键产检项目绝对不能缺,但如果由于担心出生缺陷发生,频繁或做很多非必要的检查可能适得其反。这不仅会增加孕妇的心理压力和经济负担,甚至可能导致不必要的医疗干预。

预防出生缺陷 这些很关键

绝大多数出生缺陷可通过孕前、孕期、产后全流程科学干预有效降低发生危害,除了这些必要的干预,还有一些做法也很关键。

北京大学第三医院产科主任魏瑗提示,适龄生育非常重要,此时身体处于相对较好的状态,25岁到35岁就是一个很好的区间。

此外,备孕期间需要养成健康生活方式:

夫妻双方需戒烟戒酒、远离熬夜、避免滥用药物,远离甲醛、重金属、辐射等有害环境。

女性提前补充叶酸,有效预防胎儿神经管畸形,是性价比极高的基础防控措施。

提前接种风疹、乙肝等疫苗。

对于高龄备孕、有遗传病家族史、既往不良孕产史高危人群,需提前咨询产前诊断专科医生,制定个性化备孕方案。

Open Questions

  • 新型出生缺陷的具体种类有哪些?
  • 高危人群的个性化备孕方案应如何制定?
  • 环境因素与遗传因素相互作用的具体机制是什么?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

Related Stories

Pollen allergies are more common in autumn. Experts offer tips on prevention and response
Developing·

Pollen allergies are more common in autumn. Experts offer tips on prevention and response

The National Health Commission and the China Meteorological Administration issued a pollen concentration forecast, predicting that pollen concentrations will be high in Beijing and other places from September 9 to 14. Sheng Yujun, deputy director of the Department of Dermatology of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, explained that autumn allergies are mainly caused by pollen from weeds such as Artemisia, ragweed, and humulus, and the symptoms can easily be mistaken for a cold, and provided protective suggestions and countermeasures.

中国新闻网
3 min read
Three principles for kidney friends to protect their kidneys: Stably control the four highs, do not take unknown analgesics at will, and take medicines correctly
Developing·

Three principles for kidney friends to protect their kidneys: Stably control the four highs, do not take unknown analgesics at will, and take medicines correctly

Wu Chuyu, a pharmacist at Yuanlin Christian Hospital, reminds patients with chronic kidney disease that to protect their kidneys, they should stably control high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high uric acid, and high blood lipids. They should avoid taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers of unknown origin and take the medicine correctly to delay the deterioration of kidney function.

自由时报
2 min read
Pingtung County sets up special recycling bins for e-cigarettes to provide public delivery channels in conjunction with law amendments
Developing·

Pingtung County sets up special recycling bins for e-cigarettes to provide public delivery channels in conjunction with law amendments

The Pingtung County Government has set up special recycling bins for e-cigarettes at the Health Bureau and 33 health clinics within its jurisdiction to assist the public in delivering e-cigarette products independently. This move is in line with the revision of the Ministry of Health and Welfare's "Smoking Harm Prevention Act". In the future, possession of e-cigarettes will be included in administrative penalties, with a maximum fine of 100,000 yuan. Director of Health Zhang Xiujun warned that e-cigarettes contain nicotine, formaldehyde and carcinogens, posing significant risks to health.

自由时报
2 min read
High temperatures in summer can easily cause acute kidney injury, nephrologists remind you to replenish water and take medication safely
Developing·

High temperatures in summer can easily cause acute kidney injury, nephrologists remind you to replenish water and take medication safely

The Nephrology Department of Tainan City Annan Hospital has recently treated a number of patients with acute kidney injury due to dehydration. One of them, a 52-year-old diabetic man, developed dizziness, reduced urine output, and dark brown urine after jogging in the hot sun. He was diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Physician Lin Xuanming reminded that high temperatures can easily cause prerenal acute kidney injury. People taking SGLT2 inhibitors (sugar-depleting drugs) need to pay more attention to the double risk of dehydration. They should master the four principles of understanding the drug, taking the initiative to replenish water, avoiding the hot sun, and paying attention to warning signs.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic出生缺陷