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Back美國中情局解密911前夕情報簡報:揭露曾多次警告賓拉丹威脅
美國中情局解密911前夕情報簡報:揭露曾多次警告賓拉丹威脅
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自由时报14 minutes agoPolitics3 min readChina

美國中情局解密911前夕情報簡報:揭露曾多次警告賓拉丹威脅

CIA公布69份總統情報簡報,顯示攻擊前數年已掌握蓋達組織意圖,但未能預判攻擊規模

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美國中情局在911事件25週年之際,解密69份總統情報簡報。文件顯示情報單位在攻擊前數年已多次警告賓拉丹與蓋達組織的威脅,包括劫機與針對美國本土的攻擊計畫,但情報機關未能掌握攻擊的具體時間與規模。

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Why It Matters

文件涵蓋1998年至2001年間的情報報告,顯示情報單位曾多次針對賓拉丹的威脅發出警告。這些文件強化了2004年911委員會報告中關於情報失誤的結論。

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美國中央情報局(CIA)11日在「911攻擊」25週年當天,公布一批先前未曝光的總統情報簡報,揭露攻擊發生前3年情報陸續掌握賓拉丹(Osama bin Laden)和蓋達組織(al-Qaida)意圖攻擊美國的片段情資;國家檔案局同日也公布的文件也顯示,時任中情局長坦言,911前幾個月有大量關於可能發生「廣島級」攻擊的情報討論,但都未能掌握真正意圖和攻擊規模。

美聯社、紐約時報報導,中情局公布的69份文件,描繪2001年9月11日該場恐怖攻擊發生前數年,情報單位如何追蹤賓拉丹動向和其支援網絡,以及憂慮可能有一場針對美國目標的攻擊。中情局長雷克里夫表示,這是該局歷來單次解密規模最大的總統每日情報簡報。

紐時指出,這批文件看來沒有新曝光的重大內幕,但披露CIA在攻擊前數年乃至數月向該時期總統柯林頓、小布希匯報細節,曾多次警告賓拉丹可能直接攻擊美國;文件內容也強化911事件調查委員會2004年報告主要結論:美國情報機關一再發出有關蓋達組織的警告,卻未能了解該組織正在策劃的攻擊規模。

這批文件涵蓋1998年2月至2001年9月12日,顯示多個不同威脅情資時而浮現、時而消失,例如,1998年有關裝載炸藥飛機的情報,之後未再凸顯。紐時指出,先前已知1998年當年已有這方面情資,911委員會的報告也曾提及,但是之前未披露這項警告提交到總統層級。

1998年7月到12月的數份情報報告曾提到,「似乎可信賓拉丹將對美國發動攻擊列為高優先事項」、「傾向以華府為目標,在美國本土發動攻擊」,以及蓋達「或許會將一架裝有爆裂物的飛機飛進一座美國城市」;簡報也討論到劫機可能性,「賓拉丹網絡的一些成員已接受劫機訓練」,並曾在紐約一座未具名機場演練。攻擊前1個月的情報報告警告,美國國內出現與劫機或其他攻擊準備相符的可疑活動,包括勘查紐約聯邦政府建築物。

美國國家檔案局同日公布911委員會的總統簡報摘要,指出2001年4月中起,情報報告「開始就可能的攻擊發出格外響亮的警訊」,但是不少情報來源被認為不可靠。委員會與時任中情局長泰內特(George J. Tenet)的會談紀要顯示,他向委員會說,情報圈在2001年7、8月間注意到大量有關「一場即將發生、規模驚人的恐怖主義事件,一場『廣島級』事件」的討論,但是情報官員未能判定可能發生地點。

Open Questions

  • 為何部分高風險情報未被轉化為具體預防行動?
  • 當時情報來源不可靠的具體評估標準為何?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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