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Back一块动力电池的“数字身份证”:96项信息如何串起电池的“一生”?
一块动力电池的“数字身份证”:96项信息如何串起电池的“一生”?
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中国新闻网43 minutes agoTech7 min readChina

一块动力电池的“数字身份证”:96项信息如何串起电池的“一生”?

中国启动建立新能源汽车动力电池数字身份证管理制度,涵盖96项信息,贯穿电池全生命周期。

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中国正在建设新能源汽车动力电池数字身份证管理制度,通过24位编码串联96项全生命周期信息。该制度涵盖生产、运维、回收等环节,并将与欧盟电池护照面临标准衔接与互认挑战。

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中国已启动建立新能源汽车动力电池数字身份证管理制度,将在“十五五”时期实施。

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中新网宜宾9月6日电 题:一块动力电池的“数字身份证”:96项信息如何串起电池的“一生”?

作者 程兆 王春艳

一块动力电池,从生产出来、装上汽车,到换电、维修,再到退役、拆解和回收,它的“数字身份证”需要记录多少信息?目前的答案是96项。

近日,在四川宜宾举行的2026世界动力电池大会“动力电池数据协同与数智产业治理”专题会议上,这张正在建设中的动力电池“数字身份证”露出更清晰的模样:54项基础信息、24项运维信息、18项回收信息,由一个24位编码贯穿电池全生命周期。

工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心副主任姚振智介绍,在此前动力电池编码、合格证、溯源等管理工作基础上,中国已启动建立新能源汽车动力电池数字身份证管理制度。“十五五”时期将实施该制度,实现动力电池“来源可溯、去向可查”。

这张“身份证”并不是从零开始。工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心系统数据处副处长彭海丽介绍,中国从2018年开始实施动力电池编码备案管理。在目前的体系设计中,24位编码相当于电池的“身份证号”,用于串联此前分散于不同系统中的电池编码、装车等信息。二维码则可能成为人们“看见”这张身份证的入口。按照相关标准设计,电池包标牌涵盖企业名称、编码、电子标识等要素,目前鼓励以二维码为载体,方便不同主体扫码获取相应信息。

但真正重要的并非二维码,而是二维码背后的数据。“动力电池数字身份,不单单是给电池附一个编码或贴一个二维码这么简单。”中国信息通信研究院工业互联网与物联网研究所主任尹子航说,从电芯、模组、电池包到整车,再到回收、拆解重组和资源循环,各个环节都离不开数字身份。

数据连起来之后,一个更现实的问题随之出现:谁能看?答案并非“全部公开”。彭海丽介绍,数字身份证将针对公众、产业链相关方和监管部门设置不同访问权限,按照“最小必要”原则分级开放。公众可以查询部分基础信息,产业链相关方根据业务需要获取相应数据,监管部门则按照履职需要查询。

动力电池企业对此尤为敏感。惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司ESG(环境、社会和公司治理)价值链主管胡雪梅表示,“不是所有的底层数据都是需要搬出去的”,不同使用场景需要的信息深度和颗粒度并不相同,关键是让数据在明确用途和权限的基础上安全流动。

另一道难题是怎样补齐产业链上的数据断点。宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司高级经理孙成林介绍,目前电池生产和整车制造环节数字化程度较高,但在原材料供应链,以及售后维修、回收再利用等环节仍存在数据断点。只有补上这些断点,一块电池从原料到回收的“数字履历”才能真正闭环。

而对于准备出口欧洲的电池和汽车来说,这张中国“身份证”还要面对另一张“护照”。中国物品编码中心董事、副总经理李建辉介绍,根据欧盟相关法规,电池护照将于2027年2月18日起正式实施,涉及制造商、材料、碳足迹、性能与耐久性、循环与再生材料等全生命周期信息。

中国正在建设的数字身份证与欧盟电池护照并非完全相同。彭海丽介绍,两套体系都服务于安全绿色供应链建设,但欧盟电池护照更加侧重消费者知情权,中国数字身份证目前则更加注重构建可信、安全的数据治理底座。与此同时,两套体系在数据架构等方面也存在差异,未来如何实现数据衔接和标准互认,成为企业关注的问题。“最终体现出来的,是产品能不能销售、能不能卖。”上海汽车集团股份有限公司技术管理部总监汪晓健说。

从24位编码,到96项信息,再到国内外两套规则如何衔接,一块动力电池的“身份证”背后,实际上是一场跨越生产、使用、回收和跨境贸易的数据连接。尹子航认为,真正要解决的并不是“有没有数据”,而是这些数据对应的是谁,如何在不同主体之间安全流通,以及流通之后能否被验证、被采信。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 欧盟电池护照将于2027年2月18日正式实施

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 中欧电池数字身份标准未来如何实现互认?
  • 产业链上下游的数据断点将如何彻底补齐?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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