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Back中美禁毒执法合作取得可视化成果,双方深化多领域协作
中美禁毒执法合作取得可视化成果,双方深化多领域协作
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中国新闻网1 hour agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

中美禁毒执法合作取得可视化成果,双方深化多领域协作

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中美元首会晤达成八点成果共识,其中特别提到中美禁毒执法部门合作取得可视化成果。双方今年8月联合侦破、9月公布细节的跨国涉毒案件涉及非列管前体化学品,美方FBI首次参与此类合作。合作源于美方对中国禁毒能力的需求,同时体现中方应对全球挑战的责任。执法合作范围已扩展至网络诈骗、侵害儿童暴力犯罪等四类工作组,落实元首共识推动双边关系正向发展。

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Why It Matters

中美元首会晤达成八点成果共识,其中提到中美禁毒执法部门合作取得可视化成果。此前双方在北京会晤时仅提到拓展执法合作,如今已有具体结果。美国是全球最大芬太尼生产和消费国,毒品问题严重,而中国禁毒政策严格执行彻底,2019年首次对芬太尼类物质整类列管,并建立全国污水和生物样品监测网络。

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刚刚结束的中美元首会晤达成八点成果共识,其中特别提到一点:

中美禁毒执法部门合作取得可视化成果。

几个月前,中美元首北京会晤时,双方提到的还是拓展执法等领域的交流合作。这一次,拓展合作后面,已经有了具体的结果。

其中一件,就是中美禁毒执法部门今年8月联合侦破、9月公布细节的跨国涉毒案件。

有意思的是,在描述这一合作时,中方在新闻稿中用了“可视化成果”这一表述,美方的新闻稿中,则用到了“major milestone”(重大里程碑)。

落实元首共识,拓展交流合作,正确的认知、正确的行动,会给中美关系带来哪些正向的反馈?

中美禁毒执法合作,正好提供了一个观察的切口。

这次访问期间,中方提到:

中方愿同美国加强禁毒、执法等合作。

愿同美国加强合作,表明的是中方的态度。再看合作需求从哪里来:

对中美之间公开的禁毒执法案例做个梳理,可以发现,不少合作都是应美方请求展开的。

其中原因不难理解。美国是全球最大的芬太尼类药品生产国和消费国,阿片类药物滥用严重。

如今,庞大的毒品消费市场甚至牵出了一条漫长的跨国链条。

一些非法制毒分子为了制造毒品,会在全世界寻托原料和潜在可被用于制毒的化学品,还会在各国找一些经销商。

整条非法链条上可能既有打广告的、卖货的、提供交易平台的,也有负责加工、运输、分销和涉毒洗钱的。这些环节分散在不同国家,单看其中一笔交易,很难知道它与后面的制毒活动有什么关系。

中国人民公安大学的张黎告诉谭主,美方在禁毒合作方面对中国有非常强烈的需求。这一方面和美国自身毒品泛滥有关,另一方面和中国禁毒管控做得好有关。

中国是世界上禁毒政策最严格、执行最彻底的国家之一。早在2019年,中国就成为全球范围内第一个对芬太尼类物质实行整类列管的国家。中国还建立了覆盖365个城市近5000家污水处理厂的城市生活污水监测网络,以及涵盖高风险人群的生物样品监测网络。

出于对毒品问题是全球性挑战的考虑,中方一直与国际社会积极开展合作。

所以也能看到,美方在9月公布的这起中美联合侦破案件中,专门提到:

thanks to the cooperation of Chinese law enforcement(得益于中国执法部门的合作)

只有从需求端入手,盯住链条上的每一个环节,才能有效处理这个问题。

美方正视自身毒品泛滥背后的需求问题,中方也愿意从共同应对全球性挑战的角度出发,回应美方的请求。

做到了互相尊重、专业务实,中美合作也能更进一步。

9月公布的这起案件,是近些年最能体现中美禁毒执法合作的案件之一。

在中方的通稿里,专门提到:

8月中旬,公安部组织河北等地警方统一开展收网行动,抓获包括邢、宋在内的涉案人员21名,缴获一批可用于制毒的非列管前体化学品。

“非列管前体化学品”,是此前公布的中美禁毒案例中较少提到的一个词。

顾名思义,就是还没有列入管制条例的化学品。

要知道,如果只看化学品本身,通常只有已经列入条例的,才适用专门的管制措施。

麻醉药品和精神药品、易制毒化学品,各有管制条例。

中国很早就对这次案件涉及的合成大麻素类物质实施整类列管。但直接制毒原料被管住后,犯罪分子会继续往上游走,甚至去找更上游的化学品;有的还会把几种具有正常用途的化学品搭配起来,运到境外后再加工。

“可用于制毒”,却又“非列管”,难就难在这里。更别说跨国案件,链条又长又复杂。

但这一次,中方在回应美方请求时,连尚未列管却已经进入制毒链条的化学品也一并追查了。

上海大学国际禁毒政策研究中心主任张勇安教授注意到,近期中美双边二轨和1.5轨对话会的相关讨论已涉及尚未列管的前体化学品;美方技术组化学家正在实验室研究可能被犯罪分子利用的前体,尝试更早识别新的制毒路径。

这也说明,今年中美禁毒执法合作下来,双方讨论的不只是查获毒品之后怎样打击,还包括双方怎么做才能提前布防、提前介入。

而且,就在这个关键时点,国家提醒,要防范一些具有正常用途、却可能被用于制毒的化学品流入非法渠道。

9月22日,国家禁毒委员会办公室发布警示通告,防范美托咪定和酒石酸流失用于制毒风险。同日下午,商务部、公安部等五部门又发布了关于调整《向特定国家(地区)出口易制毒化学品管理目录》的公告。

这是中方在毒品治理上责任与担当的体现,也是中美禁毒执法可以继续打开的空间。

在9月公布的案件里,中方通稿在介绍美方相关部门时,特别提到是与美国联邦调查局(FBI)联合侦破的。

这是这两年中美禁毒执法合作的案例通稿里,中方首次提及该部门。

美方的通稿也专门提到:

今年1月成立的“美国联邦调查局(FBI)—中国公安部禁毒工作组”,推动了这起案件的合作。

长期以来,由于美国司法部缉毒署在其国内多地都有分支,禁毒工作基本由缉毒署出面。今年2月的中美禁毒情报交流会上,美方仍由缉毒署牵头。

而美国联邦调查局(FBI)主要负责美国联邦层面的案件调查。这也意味着,双方又有了一条可以用于这类跨国案件的直接联系。

多一条联系,对办案有什么作用?

9月这起案件中,美方投入的力量,除了美国联邦调查局(FBI)和司法部缉毒署,还有国土安全部国土安全调查局、美国邮政局等。

人和渠道多了,事也更好办了。双方执法合作能处理的事,也有机会从禁毒走向更多领域。

今年以来公开披露的中美执法合作案件中,除了3起联合侦办的涉毒案件,还有1起涉毒逃犯遣返,1起中美阿三国警方联合打击电诈行动,以及2起不同方向的逃犯移交。双方协作的范围,已经远远超出单一的问题。

线索的来源渠道也很多元,有美方提供的,也有中方提供的,还有在会上共享的。

而双边合作的意义也正在这里——不仅能够维护两国的公共安全,对各国共同应对新型跨国犯罪也有很好的借鉴意义。现在,中美同第三方国家开展的执法合作也已经开始。

据谭主了解,如今中国公安部与美国联邦调查局(FBI)的合作已经涉及四类工作组:网络诈骗、侵害儿童的暴力犯罪、禁毒和追逃。

回看这两年的中美禁毒执法合作,还有个变化值得注意。

去年10月两国元首釜山会晤后,美方取消针对中国商品加征的10%所谓“芬太尼关税”。美国联邦调查局(FBI)局长帕特尔今年7月访华,美方在新闻稿中明确说,此行是跟进元首会晤成果。

共识落到具体部门和案件上,合作方式也在发生变化。合作的成果更显性,更“可视化”,进度也加快了。

美方在发布的新闻稿中也表达了类似看法。办案成果体现了双方持续、有组织对接的作用。

当然,合作能走多远,还要看双方能否同样重视彼此的需求。

就在不久前,美国一位高级官员在谈到中美之间的互动时,特意提到“落实两国元首共识”。他说,双方确实在按此推进工作,处理具体问题。

这是中方一直强调的一句话。如今,美方也开始用它解释双方如何推动合作。禁毒执法合作,正是中美两国落实元首共识的体现。

事实证明,哪怕曾有分歧,只要双方沿着正确的方向相向而行,将共识一项项落到具体行动上,就能够形成看得见的正向反馈,也能够不断积累新的合作成果。

两国关系的长远发展,往往就体现在这些具体的事上。对禁毒如此,对经贸、人工智能等双方其他共同关切的领域也是如此。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中美将进一步扩大禁毒执法合作范围,涵盖更多新型精神活性物质的监管

    Likely · Within months

  • 中美执法合作模式将被其他国家用于应对跨国犯罪的参照

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 此次跨国涉毒案件中具体缴获了哪些非列管前体化学品?
  • 中美执法合作在网络诈骗和侵害儿童暴力犯罪领域的具体进展如何?
  • 双方是否将建立常态化的前体化学品预警机制?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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