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Back光伏成装机最大电源品类,煤电仍发挥系统安全兜底作用
光伏成装机最大电源品类,煤电仍发挥系统安全兜底作用
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中国新闻网19 hours agoEnergy10 min readChinaView translation

光伏成装机最大电源品类,煤电仍发挥系统安全兜底作用

能源绿色低碳转型取得重要进展

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截至今年7月底,我国光伏发电装机容量达12.86亿千瓦,首次超过煤电,成为我国装机规模最大的电源品类,标志着我国能源绿色低碳转型取得重要阶段性进展。

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Why It Matters

截至今年7月底,我国光伏发电装机容量达12.86亿千瓦,首次超过煤电,成为我国装机规模最大的电源品类。

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家中空调吹送凉风、电动汽车路上飞驰、算力中心高速运转……生产生活背后,不少是阳光转化而来的绿电在默默出力。

国家能源局最新数据显示:截至今年7月底,我国光伏发电装机容量达12.86亿千瓦,其中集中式光伏7.04亿千瓦、分布式光伏5.82亿千瓦。光伏发电装机容量首次超过煤电(煤电装机容量为12.85亿千瓦),成为我国装机规模最大的电源品类。

“这是自上半年煤电发电量占比历史性降至50%以下后,我国能源绿色低碳转型取得的又一重要阶段性进展和标志性成果。”中国电力企业联合会秘书长郝英杰说。

新能源从补充能源加快向装机主力转变

光伏装机超越煤电,如何看待这一里程碑的意义?郝英杰从三方面进行了分析。

这标志着在我国能源资源禀赋条件下,电力工业诞生百年来煤电作为第一大电源的格局被打破,新能源从补充能源加快向装机主力转变,以新能源为主体的新型电力系统加速构建。

这印证了我国光伏产业全链条的竞争优势。组件制造技术多点开花,晶硅电池转换效率全球领先,钙钛矿电池等下一代技术研发加速推进……我国已形成全球最完整、竞争力最强的光伏产业链,光伏组件产量约占全球80%。同时,国内大规模装机应用进一步释放规模效应,驱动光伏技术迭代升级,巩固了我国在光伏制造、技术标准、工程建设领域的全球领先地位。

这彰显了我国推进全球能源低碳转型的坚定决心。放眼全球,12.86亿千瓦的光伏发电装机,位居全球单一国家首位,是全球光伏应用规模最大的国家。实现光伏超越煤电的重大成就,将更好为广大发展中国家推进能源转型提供可借鉴的中国方案与中国经验。

近年来,我国电力装机格局实现多个“跨越”——

2023年6月底,可再生能源装机首次超过煤电;

2025年一季度末,风电、光伏合计装机规模超过火电;

2026年7月底,光伏发电装机历史性超过煤电,成为第一大电源。

“一个又一个成就为实现‘双碳’目标夯实了电力根基。”郝英杰说,电力行业是碳排放重点领域,光伏发电装机规模持续壮大,将不断降低行业碳排放强度,扩大绿电供给能力,为工业、交通等领域电气化升级提供清洁电力支撑。

赋能千行百业、推动绿色转型

云南陇川县王子树乡岗巴村,岗巴小学屋顶上,深蓝色光伏板错落铺展。

“以前村里收入主要靠养羊,不稳定,现在屋顶晒晒太阳就能赚钱。”岗巴村党组织书记刀丁周说,岗巴村产业底子薄弱,分布式光伏项目落地,改变了村里无稳定产业、无固定收益的局面,每年可为集体经济带来2.4万元以上的稳定增收。

南方电网云南德宏供电局电网规划部新能源和储能服务专责康定升介绍,岗巴村的项目总装机50千瓦,2025年底并网投产,预计年均发电量约7.4万千瓦时,把阳光变成了村民手中的“绿色财富”。

眼下,光伏不断融入乡村、工厂、荒漠等多元场景,逐渐跳出单一的“发电”功能,演变为赋能千行百业、推动绿色转型的综合价值载体。

分布式方面,随着“千家万户沐光行动”推进,全国已有超830万户居民成为分布式光伏业主,屋顶光伏、帮扶电站等正成为强村富民的“阳光银行”。

集中式方面,在西北“沙戈荒”地区,光伏阵列有效降低地表风速、减少水分蒸发,为板下植被生长创造有利条件,让能源生产与生态修复相得益彰。自2025年年初至今年4月底,内蒙古、甘肃、青海等省份新增光伏装机容量8758千瓦,治理沙化土地面积230万亩。

集成融合方面,借助光储充换一体化、零碳园区、零碳工厂、建筑光伏一体化等新场景,光伏发电正与交通、工业、建筑等领域深度融合发展,为构建绿色低碳、更有韧性的新型能源供给和消费体系提供坚强保障。

《可再生能源发展“十五五”规划》明确,“十五五”时期,“三北”风电光伏基地新增装机3.7亿千瓦以上,全国分布式新能源新增装机3亿千瓦以上,推动分布式新能源多场景多元化开发和空间集约复合利用。

据预测,未来5年光伏产业投资有望超过2万亿元,空间广阔。

推动光伏向“可调度、可预测”转变

宁夏中卫市,腾格里沙漠东南部边缘,光伏板绵延。傍晚阳光微斜,发电曲线一路降低。几公里外,国能宁夏腾格里中卫电厂4台660兆瓦燃煤机组并排矗立,随时“补位”。

今年1月,4号机组率先通过168小时满负荷试运行,标志着全国首批首座首台“沙戈荒”新能源大基地配套调峰电源正式转入商业运营。

光伏“靠天吃饭”,出力逐日波动;煤电则承担调峰任务,平抑新能源波动,为特高压通道稳定送电护航。

国家能源集团宁夏中卫热电有限公司副总经理肖中图介绍:“中午光伏大发时,煤电把负荷压到最低,给绿电让路;早晚光伏不出力,煤电迅速顶上来,填补外送缺口。”截至今年5月,宁夏腾格里“沙戈荒”新能源大基地已并网的中卫300万千瓦光伏项目外送湖南交易电量已达39.9亿千瓦时。

光伏“登顶”成为第一大电源,但光伏之“进”不等于煤电之“退”。中国电力企业联合会规划发展部副主任刘志强表示,从现实看,装机规模不等于实际发电能力和发电量。光伏发电受昼夜交替、气象条件约束,具有显著的间歇性、波动性,利用小时数远低于煤电,短期内煤电仍将是我国主要支撑电源,发挥系统安全兜底作用。

如何将装机优势转化为稳定可靠供电能力?关键在于加快构建新型电力系统,包括加快抽水蓄能和新型储能规模化建设,着力提升系统灵活调节能力。

刘志强认为,要加强主配微网协同发展的新型电网平台建设,强化大电网对新能源的接纳、配置和调控能力;提升新能源可靠替代能力,通过技术创新和系统优化,逐步提高光伏发电的置信出力和顶峰发电能力,探索光储一体化、光热互补、光伏制氢等多元发展模式,推动光伏从“看天吃饭”向“可调度、可预测”转变。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未来5年光伏产业投资有望超过2万亿元

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 未来如何进一步提升光伏发电的置信出力和顶峰发电能力?
  • 储能技术如何全面跟进以彻底解决光伏间歇性问题?

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