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Back警惕伤肝五大行为:年轻人需远离酒精、暴饮暴食、熬夜、乱用药及忽视肝炎治疗
警惕伤肝五大行为:年轻人需远离酒精、暴饮暴食、熬夜、乱用药及忽视肝炎治疗
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

警惕伤肝五大行为:年轻人需远离酒精、暴饮暴食、熬夜、乱用药及忽视肝炎治疗

Quick Look

文章指出肝脏是重要的代谢解毒器官,但早期损伤常无明显症状。近年来我国肝病患者年轻化趋势明显,列出五种伤肝行为:大量饮酒易导致酒精性脂肪肝甚至肝癌;暴饮暴食和摄入发霉食物增加脂肪肝和肝癌风险;熬夜和过度劳累影响肝脏解毒和免疫功能;乱用药可能造成药物性肝损伤;乙肝患者若不接受长期规范抗病毒治疗,易发展为肝硬化和肝癌。强调护肝需从日常习惯做起,不分年龄。

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Why It Matters

肝脏位于人体右上腹,承担代谢、解毒、营养合成等关键功能,早期受损常无疼痛信号,易被忽视。近年来我国肝病患者数量持续上升,年轻化趋势显著。

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肝脏位于人体右上腹,堪称身体日夜不休的“化工厂”,承担着代谢、解毒、营养合成等一系列关键功能。它“沉默隐忍”,受损之初很少发出疼痛信号,等到出现明显不适时,往往已经错过了最佳干预时机。

近年来,我国肝病患者数量持续走高,年轻化趋势值得警惕。许多不经意的日常习惯,都在悄悄损伤肝细胞。因此,护肝不分年龄,下面这五件肝脏最怕的事,年轻人千万别不当回事。

最怕爱喝酒

每天大量饮酒的人,患上酒精性脂肪肝的概率比普通人高出5至25倍。进入体内的酒精主要依靠肝脏进行代谢,长期大量饮酒会加剧肝脏的负担,乙醇影响肝细胞的代谢功能损伤肝细胞膜,造成酒精性脂肪肝。长此以往,受损的肝细胞进一步纤维化,形成酒精性肝硬化,最终发展为肝癌。

因每个人对酒精的耐受度不同,相关的饮酒量危险阈值也有很大差异。通常而言,女性限定每日摄入折合酒精量不应超过15g(啤酒450ml、高度白酒30ml),男性不应超过25g(啤酒750ml、高度白酒50ml)。

最怕暴饮暴食,摄入发霉变质的食物

随着生活水平提高,人们的肥胖率逐年提升,我国至少有3亿人患有不同程度的非酒精性脂肪肝。暴饮暴食会造成身体中自由基水平快速提高,肝脏压力过大、负担较重,就会进一步造成肝损伤,形成脂肪肝。另外,日常喜好高蛋白饮食,也会导致肝功能异常、代谢能力下降。部分有毒物质(如血氨)在人体内堆积过多,进入血液循环到达神经系统,影响脑神经功能,还可能诱发肝性脑病。

黄曲霉素也是肝癌的致病因素之一,因此要注意以下几点:避免黄曲霉素的摄入,包括不要进食发霉的谷物或坚果,动植物油不要存放太久;进食腌渍类食物也会增加黄曲霉素摄入的风险;日常生活中科学搭配饮食,不吃或少吃油炸、加工、腌制类食品;脂肪肝患者应加强运动,锻炼方式可以选择散步、游泳、瑜伽、太极拳等。

最怕通宵熬夜,过度劳累

熬夜伤害肝脏的主要原因是影响肝脏排毒。每天晚上11点到第二天凌晨2点是肝脏的“解毒修复”时间,通宵熬夜会让肝脏的排毒工作无法正常进行,时间久了便会加重肝脏负担,造成肝细胞损伤。而一旦造成肝损伤,想要逆转就非常困难。因此,需要上夜班的人群,可以采取一些措施尽量减少熬夜对肝脏的损伤,如冬季做好防寒保暖,减少机体热量消耗,同时食用养肝护肝、药食同源的食物。

“劳则气耗”,过度劳累也容易对肝脏造成伤害,破坏机体的免疫状况,导致机体对病毒的抵抗力下降。比如,同样感染一定剂量的肝炎病毒,健壮的人可能没事,但是过度劳累的人就会因为自身抵抗力低而发病。因此,要学会劳逸结合,避免“压力山大”,每天保证6~8小时的充足睡眠。

最怕乱吃药,不遵医嘱

药物性肝损伤一般是由患者自身用药不当导致的,其中,不乏一些老年患者存在“多吃几片好得快”的错误偏见。药物进入人体以后,最主要的代谢场所就是肝脏。当药量过大或者用药时间过长,药品会持续刺激、损伤肝脏,甚至造成肝细胞大面积坏死或肝脏衰竭。因此,一定要在医生的指导下规范用药,切不可胡乱服药。

最怕得了肝炎不在意,不接受长期规范的治疗

在我国的肝癌患者群体中,大概80%的人都患有乙肝,而乙肝-肝硬化-肝癌是经典的“肝癌三部曲”。很多肝炎患者害怕社会歧视,病了也不敢去看病,一拖再拖,结果肝炎被“拖成了”肝癌。

实际上,最有效的阻断办法就是让乙肝患者接受长期规范化的抗病毒治疗。初期进行抗病毒治疗的乙肝患者,要在专业医生的指导下选择强效、高耐药性的药物,以有效降低肝硬化及肝癌发生率。此外,乙肝患者一定要提高自身用药依从性,定时定量服药,坚持随访、长期治疗。(作者:宋天强,系天津医科大学肿瘤医院肝癌防治研究中心执行主任、肝胆肿瘤科主任)

来源:光明日报

Open Questions

  • 文章中提到的酒精安全摄入量是否适用于所有体质人群?
  • 针对不同类型肝病,是否有针对性的饮食或运动建议?
  • 年轻人群体中,哪种伤肝行为的发生率最高?

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