
海南核电基地应急指挥中心完成新一轮改造后,可统筹协调基地所有机组的应急处置工作。
记者9月29日随“核安全文化媒体行”探访位于海南昌江的海南核电基地应急指挥中心。该中心在完成新一轮改造后成为基地“应急中枢”,具备统筹协调多堆型、多业主应急处置及抗击超强台风等极端情况的能力。
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海南核电基地位于海南岛西部昌江县,是中国最南端的核电基地,目前共有5个核电机组。
中新网海南昌江9月30日电 (记者 王晓斌)9月29日,记者随“核安全文化媒体行”活动,探访海南核电基地应急指挥中心。
海南核电基地目前共有5个核电机组,其中3台已投入运营、2台在建。
海南核电基地坐落于海南岛西部昌江县,是中国最南端的核电基地。2025年7月该基地的应急指挥中心完成新一轮改造后,可统筹协调基地所有机组的应急处置工作,配套完善的决策、通信、辐射监测、消防保障系统,被视为海南核电基地的“应急中枢”和“安全堡垒”。
基地一隅,平日里应急指挥中心安静地待着,只有应急响应启动时,才会成为整个基地运转的神经中枢。应急状态下要保障人员安全,中心的水、电、空气系统都做了特别设计——室内维持微正压,空气从室内向外“渗出”,外部污染空气无法从缝隙渗入;新风系统配备过滤器,对进入楼内的空气进行过滤;柴油发电机组和储油设施可维持多天连续供电,生活水箱保障应急人员基本用水需求;建筑已完成抗震加固,地面标高也远高于厂址设计基准洪水位。
作为应急指挥中心,其核心的任务是在应急状态下保持控制指挥能力。海南核电基地应急指挥中心连接着基地内各个关键点位,具备应急状态接管控制能力,配有连接场内外的冗余通讯手段。辐射监测系统实时采集环境数据传回指挥中心,应急辅助决策系统可实现应急状态的辅助判断和事故后果的预测评价。
与国内不少核电基地不同,海南核电基地并非单一业主、单一堆型的厂址——海南核电、华能昌江核电等多个业主单位在此运营,多种堆型并存。应急状态下,如何确保不同单位的应急力量统一行动?
记者采访中了解到,海南核电基地各业主单位协调制定了《海南昌江核电基地应急一体化方案》,联合建立应急组织,共用应急指挥中心等设施设备,广播声警报、视频会议等通信系统设备均支持场内、场外应急组织的协同联动。应急情况下,基地统一应急状态分级,应急组织统一指挥、统一响应。
这套机制已在演习场上通过检验。2025年9月28日至29日,代号“海核-2025”的超强台风情景下昌江核电基地核事故应急检验性推演暨3、4号和小堆机组首次装料前场内外核事故应急联合演习在海口、儋州、昌江三地进行。演习模拟受超强台风影响,基地外电源同时丧失,3号机组反应堆停堆,基地进入应急状态。演习中重点评估了基地应急一体化协同方案的执行效能。

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