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Back焚烧厂“不够烧”与“堆不下”问题并存,怎么解决?
焚烧厂“不够烧”与“堆不下”问题并存,怎么解决?
NEWS
中国新闻网2 hours agoEnvironment3 min readChinaView translation

焚烧厂“不够烧”与“堆不下”问题并存,怎么解决?

Quick Look

文章指出,尽管部分地区出现焚烧厂负荷率偏低导致“垃圾不够烧”的错觉,但全国生活垃圾产生量仍在增长,问题在于区域和城乡结构性失衡。强调必须坚持源头减量和分类回收,优化设施布局,发展城市矿产综合利用,以实现垃圾处理高质量发展。

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Why It Matters

文章提到我国生活垃圾末端处理能力大幅提升,但部分地区焚烧厂负荷率偏低,出现原料不足甚至跨区抢垃圾现象,同时有些地区垃圾堆放过多。

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最近看新闻,不少地方焚烧厂“吃不饱”,垃圾都“不够烧”了,还有必要分类吗?也有个别地方垃圾“堆不下”,这个矛盾怎么解决?

——人民网网友

网友的问题体现出公众对垃圾处理、垃圾分类等的关注。实行垃圾分类,关系广大人民群众生活环境,关系资源节约利用。

巨量垃圾处理需求,催生了固废处置、资源化利用相关企业。我国生活垃圾末端处理能力大幅提升,垃圾减量和利用水平持续提高。个别地区焚烧厂负荷率偏低、原料不足,开挖陈年垃圾掺烧,甚至跨区“抢垃圾”,让人产生“垃圾短缺”的错觉。

首先要厘清:垃圾真的“不够烧”吗?

整体上,垃圾并没有“不够烧”。近年来,生活垃圾产生量稳定增长,“垃圾围城”压力并未根本消除。但在局部,的确存在焚烧厂“吃不饱”的情况。

住房城乡建设部数据显示,全国有1137座生活垃圾焚烧厂,日均处理生活垃圾115.8万吨,平均负荷率88.7%。业内专家表示,负荷处于合理区间,“不够烧”并非垃圾总量不足,而是垃圾处理能力与产生量的结构性失衡、区域性错配。

从区域分布看,东南沿海省份垃圾焚烧厂布局密集,其他地区的一些省份布局则相对稀疏。城乡失衡也是突出问题,一些城市,垃圾分类全覆盖,焚烧厂“不够烧”;一些不发达地区的乡村,垃圾仍在随意堆放、露天焚烧。

前些年,一些地区焚烧产能超前布局、过度集中。随着垃圾分类推进,源头减量见效,以及焚烧处理技术不断进步,一些地区焚烧处理能力过剩。由于焚烧厂收益与垃圾处理量挂钩,“抢垃圾”现象出现也就不难理解。

为什么必须坚定不移推进垃圾分类?

我国垃圾治理始终坚持减量化、资源化、无害化原则,焚烧发电只是末端无害化处置的兜底手段。

建设垃圾焚烧厂,目的是破解垃圾填埋占地大、污染重的难题,实现垃圾减容与能源回收,并非把垃圾当作“生产原料”刻意制造。如果为了满足焚烧产能而放松减量、放弃分类,无异于本末倒置。

从经济性角度看,垃圾从产生到处理,全程消耗土地、能源、人力等资源,分类、收集、转运、处置的成本,远非发电收益所能覆盖。从污染排放角度看,垃圾焚烧厂处理的垃圾越多,排放的污染物总量也越多。

反观源头减量与分类回收,生态价值与经济价值,远高于送入焚烧炉。分类回收,也有利于焚烧厂高效稳定运行。混合垃圾直接送入焚烧炉,其中的厨余垃圾会导致含水率高、燃烧不充分,降低发电效率、增加燃料消耗。因此,源头减量、垃圾分类,是必须做好的必答题。

一边“吃不饱”,一边“堆不下”,怎么破解?最根本的,是跳出末端处置的思维定式,回到全链条治理的轨道上来。

源头上,坚定不移推进垃圾减量和分类回收,严控商品过度包装、限制一次性用品滥用。规划上,统筹优化焚烧处理设施布局,将城市闲置的焚烧产能与农村垃圾处置需求衔接起来。产业上,跳出单纯焚烧垃圾发电的模式,转向“城市矿产”综合开发,拓展垃圾处理费、再生资源回收利用、碳减排等多元收益。

产业发展过程中,总会遇到“成长的烦恼”,这通常也是机遇所在。以全链条循环替代末端兜底,走资源化、循环化多元经营道路,在不断创新中化解垃圾“不够烧”与“堆不下”并存的矛盾,推动垃圾处理行业高质量发展,助力美丽中国建设行稳致远。

本报记者 寇江泽

Open Questions

  • 如何具体衔接城市闲置焚烧产能与农村垃圾处置需求?
  • 城市矿产综合开发的政策支持和市场机制是什么?
  • 分类回收在不同地区的推进效果如何评估?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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