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Back米中がAI普及競争でアクセル、安全基準は二分
米中がAI普及競争でアクセル、安全基準は二分
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時事通信2 hours agoTech2 min readJapanView translation

米中がAI普及競争でアクセル、安全基準は二分

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米中両国はAIの普及競争を加速させているが、安全基準を巡って対立が深まっている。米国は『パックス・シリカ』を、中国は『世界AI協力機構』を推進し、一部の国は両方に参加を模索している。国連での議論が始まる中、両国の歩み寄りがなければ技術とルールの分断が深まる可能性がある。

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Why It Matters

米中両国はAIの普及競争を加速させており、経済安全保障の観点から自国中心のAI秩序づくりを進めている。米国は『パックス・シリカ』、中国は『世界AI協力機構』を立ち上げ、それぞれ同盟国や新興・途上国への影響力拡大を狙っている。

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【ワシントン、北京時事】相次ぐ人工知能(AI)の暴走を懸念した開発減速論が急浮上する中、米中両国はAIの普及競争でアクセルを踏んでいる。経済安全保障の観点から、自国の技術や製品を軸に「AI経済圏」を築く狙いだ。ただ、安全性を検証する基準まで二分されれば、重大事故への対処は難しい。24日の米中首脳会談は、AIを巡る協調と分断の行方を占う場にもなりそうだ。

米中首脳は自国中心のAI秩序づくりを急ぐ。トランプ米大統領が「AIを制する者が勝つ」とハイテク覇権への意欲を隠さない一方、習近平中国国家主席は「AIを『国際公共財』として提供する」と表明。米国は高い技術力、中国は価格競争力を武器に、勢力圏を広げようとしている。

米国は昨年末、AIや半導体、重要鉱物の安全な供給網を築く「パックス・シリカ」を始動。日本、英国など同盟・友好国を中心に発足し、署名国・地域は25に増えた。中国も今年7月、安価なAIモデルや通信インフラをグローバルサウス(新興・途上国)に広げる世界AI協力機構(WAICO)を29カ国で設立。「AI版一帯一路」と称され、現在38カ国が参加する。

「あらゆる枠組みに加わることは、何にも加わらないことだ」。米国務省がパックス・シリカ署名国にWAICOへの不参加を求める文書を作り、「踏み絵」を迫ると報じられた。それでもカザフスタンは双方に参加。米国の技術と中国の安価なインフラを求め、ウズベキスタンやシンガポール、バングラデシュも「二重参加」を探る。

AI普及競争は、モデルやインフラに付随する安全基準の主導権争いでもある。国連は7月に本格的な議論を始めたばかりだが、中国はその進展を待たず、自国製モデルとともに独自の基準を広め、国際標準化を急ぐ。米国は一律規制に慎重で、2国間対話を通じて中国をけん制する構えだ。

グテレス国連事務総長は、AI普及には「信頼を築くためのガードレールが不可欠だ」と訴える。「勝者」を目指す米国と、「協力」を掲げて影響力拡大を狙う中国。首脳会談で重大事故の相互通報など最低限の原則を共有できるか。二大国が歩み寄れなければ、技術と供給網、そしてルールの分断が深まりかねない。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 米中首脳会談でAI安全に関する最低限の原則共有が合意される

    Possible · Within days

Open Questions

  • 国連でのAI安全基準議論はどのように進むか
  • 米中両国は最低限の安全原則で合意できるか
  • 二重参加を模索する国々の最終的な選択はどうなるか

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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