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Back反AI浪潮让黄仁勋祸不单行?股票暴跌 被国会传唤
反AI浪潮让黄仁勋祸不单行?股票暴跌 被国会传唤
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德国之声20 minutes agoPolitics5 min readChinaView translation

反AI浪潮让黄仁勋祸不单行?股票暴跌 被国会传唤

在人工智能产业面临选民反感及国会调查背景下,英伟达CEO黄仁勋等科技高管面临传票威胁与间谍案调查。

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美国能源部取消了原定于11月6日举行的总统科学与技术顾问委员会会议。随着民主党掌控国会,科技行业正面临针对人工智能发展的严厉审查、传票威胁以及关于芯片出口违规的间谍案调查。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美国选民对人工智能及数据中心建设的反感情绪在近期选举中显著影响了投票倾向。民主党即将全面掌控国会,预示着对科技行业的监管力度将大幅提升。

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美国能源部表示,原定于11月6日举行的白宫“总统科学与技术顾问委员会”会议暂时取消。该委员会包括英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋、META首席执行官扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)、AMD首席执行官苏姿丰以及其他一些科技企业的高管。美国能源部网站曾短暂地将11月13日列为会议的新日期,但随后又发送了一封邮件,宣布这条通知作废。

根据原本的会议通知,该委员会应为特朗普最新成立的人工智能工作小组(即“超级智能特别工作组”)提供咨询。后者囊括了多名内阁官员、白宫幕僚以及其他一些特朗普总统任命的人员。“超级智能”(Super Intelligence)是特朗普总统对人工智能所偏好的称呼。白宫没有披露此次会议为何取消或者推迟。

就在前一天(11月5日),科技股遭遇大幅抛售。金融市场日益担心由民主党掌控的新一届国会可能会放缓人工智能(AI)的发展,同时也担心在构建AI基础设施方面投入的巨额资本支出可能无法带来足够的回报。这种市场动荡促使硅谷高管和华盛顿的决策者们加强了对该行业的审视。

过去两年来,许多硅谷的科技界大佬都努力拉拢和特朗普总统的关系。而随着本周共和党在美国国会中期选举里惨败,这些硅谷大佬正面临民主党执掌的国会所发出的传票威胁。在此次选举中,选民对人工智能以及相关的数据中心建设之反感情绪很大程度上影响了投票倾向。

目前,国会进步党团(Congressional Progressive Caucus)主席卡萨尔(Greg Casar)已经表示:“应当传唤人工智能公司的首席执行官们,要求他们在宣誓后作证。”民主党参议员马基(Ed Markey)则向科技高管们发出警告称,鉴于国会即将发出大量传票,他们恐怕得“多植些树,好为印制这些传票提供纸张”。 新当选的密歇根州民主党籍参议员赛义德(Abdul El-Sayed)更是提出激进主张,要对最强大的人工智能研发实施“全面暂停”,还呼吁美中两国签署条约,以“暂停并禁止超级智能”,也就是超越人类智能的人工智能。

随着新当选议员明年1月3日正式到任,民主党将全面掌控参众两院,届时将可以通过各个委员会强制手段要求企业高管作证或提交内部文件,否则将面临起诉风险。

根据美国全国广播公司NBC的出口民调,此次选举中,56%的选民都认为,人工智能和数据中心问题是他们做出投票选择时的“关键或主要考量因素”。由多家大型科技公司资助、具有影响力的中间派联盟“进步商会”(Chamber of Progress)首席执行官科瓦切维奇(Adam Kovacevich)说,“我们不应将‘反特朗普浪潮’与‘反对科技行业的民意授权’混为一谈。”

事实上,不少亲共和党势力现在也开始反对人工智能和数据中心建设。在选举当晚的直播中,由多名知名亲特朗普的科技业投资者主持的播客节目Chamath Palihapitiya就警告指出,“如果说有什么能摧毁美国经济,那一定就是人工智能产业;而要摧毁人工智能产业,唯一的办法就是摧毁数据中心。”就连以看好科技增长前景而闻名的市场分析师艾夫斯(Dan Ives)如今也估计,美国计划新建的800至1000座数据中心中,有10%“最终将不会建成”。

除了美国朝野上下的反AI思潮,还有另一件事也让英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋头疼不已。路透社查阅的一封邮件显示,众议院共和党资深议员正要求黄仁勋在11月内向国会通报相关情况。不久前,《纽约时报》披露称,美国当局正在调查一名黄姓中国籍女子,她曾是总部位于新加坡的Megaspeed公司的高管,该公司从英伟达采购人工智能(AI)芯片。美国当局一直在审查Megaspeed,怀疑该公司协助北京获取了被禁止向中国出口的先进AI芯片。

在11月4日发出的一封信中,众议院外交委员会主席马斯特(Brian Mast)、“美中战略竞争特别委员会”主席穆勒纳尔(John Moolenaar)以及情报委员会成员克劳福德(Eric Crawford)要求黄仁勋于11月18日进行闭门通报,内容涉及《纽约时报》的上述报道,以及英伟达“针对外国敌对势力间谍活动的安保规程”。他们在信中写道,该报道引发了“关于(中国)获取美国敏感技术和信息所带来的重大国家安全担忧”。他们补充说:“国会必须查明美国国家安全究竟在多大程度上受到了威胁,这一点至关重要。”

英伟达方面表示,黄仁勋“每年都会与数以千计的客户高管进行交流”。该公司强调,其在亚洲的云服务客户所获取的仅是常规商业信息,而非英伟达的敏感商业机密,也不涉及任何与美国国家安全相关的内容。“我们经常收到美国政府关于受关注方和实体的通报,并始终据此采取相应行动。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 国会将于明年1月后对科技公司高管发出传票

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 黄仁勋是否会出席11月18日的国会闭门通报?
  • 美国国会是否会正式对英伟达发起调查?

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