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Back林修民 半導體看天下》今年中國市場的輝達AI晶片 多數疑似走私
林修民 半導體看天下》今年中國市場的輝達AI晶片 多數疑似走私
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自由时报1 hour agoTech4 min readChinaView translation

林修民 半導體看天下》今年中國市場的輝達AI晶片 多數疑似走私

Quick Look

根據IDC數據,輝達上半年在中國AI晶片市場市占率降至34%。分析指出,由於中國政府抵制輝達針對中國市場推出的「殘廢版」晶片,且輝達財報顯示H20銷量降為零,市場上流通的晶片多數為非法走私。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國政府對中國實施嚴格的AI晶片出口管制,限制輝達向中國銷售高效能AI晶片。中國政府則推動本土替代方案並限制企業採購輝達針對中國市場推出的特殊版本晶片。

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今年上半年出現在中國市場的輝達AI加速器晶片幾乎全部都是非法的。

根據外媒報導,輝達上半年在中國資料中心AI晶片市場市占率降至34%,這個數字最有趣的地方並不是它比去年下降,也不是它的市場讓給了例如華為的中國廠商,而是在美國嚴厲的出口管制之下,這34%的AI伺服器晶片幾乎都是透過走私進口的,顯示民主自由國家陣營查緝AI晶片出口管制仍有加強的必要。

路透社報導指出,國際數據資訊(IDC)數據顯示,輝達(NVIDIA)1月至6月在中國出貨67萬8,000顆人工智慧(AI)加速器,較一年前減少44%。

華府限制中國取得輝達最強大AI晶片,使這家美國晶片大廠能在全球第2大經濟體販售的產品範圍受限。與此同時,北京大力推動本土替代方案,並且規定中國企業需經審批後才能進口符合規定的輝達晶片。

IDC未具體說明輝達市占率34%所涵蓋的產品類型,也未說明這個數字是否包含已被禁止出口中國但有走私進口的B200及B300等最新款AI晶片。

根據上述的媒體報導,輝達未回應置評請求。

佔中國市場34%的輝達AI伺服器晶片幾乎都是透過走私進口的。

輝達產品能夠用在AI算力的,根據效能的大小,大概可以區分為兩類:HBM或是GDDR,HBM是效能最強大的記憶體,因此、使用HBM的AI晶片也是效能最強大的,採用GDDR的AI晶片絕大多數都是成本或是只用於推論的考量。

在美國的出口管制政策底下,目前所有能在中國市場販賣的HBM AI晶片只有H20,早期A800和H800還可以合法進口中國,但是在美國收緊管制底下,前年就已經禁售,所以根據上述媒體的調查統計,今年上半年在中國市場出現的輝達AI伺服器晶片,合法的產品就真的只剩H20。

今年上半年在中國市場出現的輝達AI伺服器晶片,合法的產品就真的只剩H20。H20的銷量已經為零。

雖然H20得到了美國方面的批准,但這種殘廢版的晶片讓以天朝自居的中國政府非常火大,全面打壓H20在中國的出售,NVIDIA在 2025年8月的財報中承認,對中的H20銷量已降為0。

在GDDR方面,輝達的產品還有L20跟L2晶片,但事實上它們的效能低落,對於中國AI公司來講根本沒有任何誘因採用,所以根據輝達的資料,這兩個產品即使在中國出售的狀況也非常不理想。

而另一款RTX 6000D中國特別版,也是因為殘廢版的特性觸怒了中國政府,導致跟H20一樣的下場。

綜合上面所述,輝達今年在中國新出現的這67萬個AI晶片,幾乎可以肯定全部都是非法的,因為所有合法的,中國政府通通都不要,而輝達財報也證實這些傳聞。

而這些大量走私到中國的輝達AI晶片,也將是民主自由陣營國家未來的最大挑戰。

中國國家互聯網信息辦公室下令阿里巴巴集團等主要科技公司,停止採購輝達針對中國市場推出的人工智慧(AI)晶片RTX Pro 6000D,並取消現有訂單。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 民主國家陣營將加強對AI晶片出口管制的查緝力度。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 走私晶片的具體來源與供應鏈路徑為何?
  • 輝達如何應對中國市場的非法流通問題?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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