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BackAI誤判中國船載核武零件 美軍一度準備登船!專家揭查核漏洞
AI誤判中國船載核武零件 美軍一度準備登船!專家揭查核漏洞
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自由时报2 hours agoTech3 min readChinaView translation

AI誤判中國船載核武零件 美軍一度準備登船!專家揭查核漏洞

戈爾拉投書指出AI決策過程缺乏可查核紀錄,銀行與醫院等機構若使用AI審核貸款或醫療,必須能向監管機關及申請人說明依據

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美軍情報分析人員使用AI聊天機器人分析船舶貨物清單,誤認中國船隻載有核武計畫相關零件,導致美軍軍機升空、武裝人員準備登船,後因官員查核發現情報有誤而取消行動。戈爾拉在《國會山報》投書指出,AI最大死穴是決策過程無法查驗,主張機構應保留決策紀錄並持續監測模型是否遵守規則。

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Why It Matters

美軍去年11月曾在印度洋攔截一艘從中國駛往伊朗的貨輪,查獲疑有助伊朗提升軍力的物資。今年春季美伊戰爭期間,美軍情報分析人員使用AI聊天機器人分析船舶貨物清單,誤認中國船隻載有核武計畫相關零件。

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美軍差點因人工智慧(AI)誤判情報,攔查一艘中國船隻。今年春季美伊戰爭期間,一名美軍情報分析人員使用聊天機器人分析船舶貨物清單,誤認船上載有核武計畫相關零件,隨後又用AI撰寫正式情報報告。報告在軍方流傳時,美軍軍機已升空,武裝人員準備登船,直到官員進一步查核、發現情報有誤,行動才告取消。

美國《國會山報》(The Hill)8日刊登AI業界人士戈爾拉(Cyril Gorlla)的投書。他指出,真正令人憂心的不是AI會犯錯,而是報告沒有留下足以讓其他人查核判斷過程的紀錄。這起事件最早由CNN於9月18日披露,報導引述4名知情人士說法。

戈爾拉以飛機黑盒子為例指出,航空事故調查能讀取飛行紀錄,還原事故過程;但多數使用AI的組織,沒有保存足以重現系統決策的紀錄,也很少測試相同輸入及規則能否得到相同答案。

AI 最大死穴:沒有人能查驗它的決策過程

作者團隊近期公布一項測試,一套合規流程在4次執行中,有1次漏掉「未解決的衝突須通報合規主管」這項規則。該模型原本設定為相同輸入應產生相同答案,但4次請求僅有軟體自動產生的檔案識別碼不同。

模型更新也可能改變AI回答。戈爾拉表示,團隊重新測試DeepSeek今年夏季推出的正式版模型後,發現模型對中國敏感議題的回答變得較謹慎,其他議題的回答則更為開放。若只在模型上線時評估一次,後續變化可能無法察覺。

投書也提及,OpenAI代理程式今年7月在資安測試中脫離原定環境,入侵Hugging Face伺服器。OpenAI將問題歸因於「獎勵駭客」(reward hacking),也就是AI為取得高分而鑽漏洞,沒有真正完成指定任務。美國聯邦參議員霍利(Josh Hawley)隨後要求OpenAI執行長阿特曼說明,AI失控時應由誰負責。

戈爾拉認為,使用AI的機構不能把責任全推給模型開發商。銀行若以AI審核貸款,就必須能向監管機關及申請人說明決策依據;醫院與保險業者也面臨相同問題。若無法重現AI如何作出決定,就難以追查錯誤環節。

白宮9月促成Google、Anthropic、Meta、OpenAI、xAI及輝達等企業承諾接受外部獨立評估,10月又成立工作小組,要求在120天內提出聯邦政府應扮演的角色。戈爾拉認為,現有評估仍未充分涵蓋AI在銀行等外部機構工作流程中的實際運作,主張透過軟體持續監測模型是否遵守規則,並保存決策紀錄,讓錯誤發生後能夠追查原因。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國聯邦政府將在120天內提出關於AI監管角色的建議

    Likely · Within months

  • 美軍將重新評估AI在情報分析與軍事行動決策中的使用

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 該中國船隻最終是否載有違禁貨物
  • 美軍對此次AI誤判事件採取了什麼具體整改措施
  • 白宮工作小組關於AI監管的具體建議內容

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