
83岁的方女士在基金公司App升级后被迫接受仲裁条款,否则无法使用App,法院认定此种强制方式违背仲裁自愿原则,仲裁协议对投资者不生效,维持一审驳回基金公司主管异议的裁定。
AI-generated summary
方女士在2015年通过基金公司业务员线下推介认购了100万元基金产品,产品持续亏损,2024年12月她通过基金公司App申请赎回时发现累计亏损约38万元,遂起诉要求赔偿损失。
如今用手机买基金、查账户越来越方便,但消费者随手点下的“同意并签署”,屏幕上的那行小字可能就悄悄改变了一些约定,包括争议的解决方式。
83岁的方女士要赎回9年前购买的一款基金产品时,发现累计亏损38万,起诉到法院索赔,基金公司说已将手机应用软件App上的争议解决方式改成“仲裁”,不应诉讼解决。
基金公司强制变更争议解决方式的行为是否具有法律效力?最高人民法院、中国人民银行、国家金融监督管理总局、中国证券监督管理委员会联合发布典型案例,给出否定的答案。
百万元认购的基金
9年后赎回亏损38万
2015年12月,当时74岁的方女士经基金公司业务员线下推介,认购了100万元基金产品,这款产品持续亏损,2024年12月,方女士想赎回,就通过基金公司提供的手机应用软件操作。
上海市虹口区人民法院金融庭法官助理李梦菲介绍,方女士通过基金公司的App赎回时,显示她出资100万元认购的基金产品历经九年,累计亏损约38万元。方女士认为,当年基金公司工作人员以“低风险、高回报”的虚假承诺误导她投资,于是,在去年9月诉到法院,要求基金公司赔偿损失。
基金公司:
App升级,只能仲裁不能诉讼
案子还没开庭,基金公司先提出了“主管异议”,说因此前同类案件中主管异议未获法院支持,他们就对手机应用软件进行系统升级,调整了争议解决条款,双方产生争议要通过某仲裁委员会仲裁,而不是到法院诉讼。
证据显示,原告在2025年10月登录升级后的App,在线勾选含仲裁条款的系列服务协议。其中,仲裁条款明确对之前发生的事项同样有效,并用加粗方式进行提示。
主审此案的上海市虹口区人民法院金融庭法官袁园表示,被告基金公司认为,既然方女士勾选了同意,双方就已达成有效仲裁协议,这个案件应移送某仲裁委员会仲裁。
不点击“同意并签署”
根本进不了App
方女士强调,当年她购买案涉基金产品时,双方没有约定争议解决方式,被告基金公司在2018年前后撤销了它所在地的线下办事机构,手机上的App成为消费者查阅产品信息、办理申购赎回的主要渠道。
袁园介绍,方女士说自己为准备本案庭审登录案涉App,当时App已完成升级,她不勾选“同意并签署”,连App都无法登录,无法看产品信息,也无法准备证据。方女士认为,不能据此认定她同意受仲裁条款的约束。
法院:App强制仲裁 无效
一审法院认为,争议由仲裁主管应以双方当事人之间存在有效的仲裁协议为前提。被告基金公司在App上向用户提供系列服务协议,虽然弹出窗口提示阅读,仲裁条款也以加粗形式提示,但页面只有两个选择,“同意并签署”和“不同意并退出”。
袁园进一步介绍,用户不同意就无法继续使用App,就算只是查看基金产品信息,也得先同意协议才能登录。这种签署方式具有强制性,违背了仲裁自愿原则,对原告不具有约束力,本案应该通过诉讼途径解决。一审裁定驳回基金公司的主管异议。
基金公司不服,上诉至上海金融法院。
二审主审此案的上海金融法院立案庭法官杨仁感介绍,依据我国仲裁法第四条的规定,仲裁应双方自愿并达成协议。
本案把接受仲裁条款设为基金公司App登录前置条件,用户只能“同意”才能使用,不同意就无法进行任何操作,而且消费者还只能通过这个App解决有关案涉基金产品的所有问题,不得不选择“同意并签署”,这样的设定显然是违背法定的自愿原则的,形成的仲裁协议对投资者不生效。法院认为一审认定事实清楚、适用法律正确,二审驳回上诉、维持原裁定。
最高法:
技术优势不能凌驾于法律原则
说到此案的典型意义,最高人民法院民二庭二级高级法官张丽洁强调,技术优势不能凌驾于法律原则。仲裁协议有效成立,除外在形式外,更须以当事人真实合意为核心。金融机构借助技术优势,把接受仲裁设为查阅存量信息的登录门槛,强制变更争议解决方式,违背了当事人自愿原则,对投资者不生效。此案对保障金融消费者纠纷解决选择权有示范意义,彰显数字金融时代对公平原则和消费者权益的刚性保护。
产生金融纠纷,当事人可以选择仲裁、诉讼两种解决渠道。诉讼两审终审、公开透明、救济渠道多,但周期长。仲裁一裁终局、不公开审理,高效私密、程序灵活,仲裁费用普遍高于诉讼,消费者一看仲裁费有时望而却步,放弃维权,而且一裁终局,结果不利可能再无救济渠道。
张丽洁建议投资者、消费者在面对App弹窗提示时,一定要仔细阅读相关条款,不要仓促点击“同意”。同时也建议金融机构,不能利用技术优势设置“前置勾选”“强制同意”,变相剥夺投资者的选择权,应当依法保障投资者的知情权和自主选择权。
监制丨樊新征
审稿丨陈秉科
记者丨孙莹
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
监管部门将出台指导意见,规范金融App中争议解决条款的设置
Likely · Within months

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