
歐盟執委會正調查中國安檢設備大廠同方威視,是否在歐洲標案中獲得不公平政府支持,並可能實施禁令。北京已下令同方威視勿配合調查,歐中恐爆貿易戰。同方威視總裁胡海峰為前中國國家主席胡錦濤之子。
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〔編譯盧永山/綜合報導〕《紐約時報》報導,歐盟執委會正就中國安檢設備大廠同方威視(
Nuctech)在取得歐洲各國的標案時,是否獲得不公平的政府支持展開調查,並可能實施禁令,北京已下令該公司不要配合歐盟調查,歐中可能因此爆發貿易戰。同方威視總裁胡海峰是前中國國家主席胡錦濤之子。
報導說,2024年4月,歐盟調查人員突擊搜查了同方威視在歐洲的2個辦事處,查扣了筆電,並沒收員工手機,還查閱了大量文件,他們在尋找證據,以證明該公司在超過20個歐洲國家競標邊境檢查站的X光掃描機和爆裂物探測系統時,獲得了不公平的政府支持。
同方威視與中國政府的關係密切。報導指出,隨著中國經濟向世界開放,中國需要一些安檢設備來檢查貨櫃中的違禁品,因此中國政府召集了北京清華大學的研究人員研發新技術,1997年將這個團隊更名為同方威視,胡海峰1998年加入同方威視,並擔任總裁。
2000年時任中國副總理吳儀參訪同方威視,並敦促該國公
開發國際市場,強調「政府會擔任你們的推銷員」。之後,同方威視進軍尼泊爾、敘利亞、黎巴嫩、模里西斯、蘇利南和厄瓜多等國,且完全無競爭對手。期間,中國商務部透過對外援助計畫,協助這些開發中國家取得融資,來採購同方威視的安檢設備。同方威視因此被視為中國透過貿易,深化其全球影響力的重要工具。
同方威視還透過「一帶一路」倡議贏得合約。這是中國領導人習近平2013年推的全球基礎建設,該計畫已向全球多國的基建計畫提供逾1兆美元貸款。
根據美國威廉瑪麗學院研究機構AidData的數據,在2000年至2024年間,中國國有貸款和援助機構做出了66項撥款和貸款承諾,總值超過12億美元,用於協助各國採購和安裝同方威視的海關安檢設備。
目前,全球逾170國安裝同方威視的安檢設備。該公司表示,其在非洲處於領先地位,在美洲占據超過一半的市占率,在歐洲占據逾90%的市占率。
這種主導地位引發歐洲的擔憂,當地的民意代表質疑。
是否應允許中國企業進入可能容易受到駭客攻擊和間諜活動威脅的敏感領域。此外,同方威視的西方競爭對手表示,他們在價格上難以與同方威視競爭,在一些標案中,同方威視的報價比他們低50%。
歐洲議會荷蘭籍議員格魯特休斯(Bart Griithuis)表示:「他們(同方威視)利用外國補貼,把自己安插進我們的關鍵基礎設施中,他們正在利用貿易,將依賴變成武器。」
去年中國限制對歐洲製造商出口所依賴的關鍵礦物,也加劇了這種疑慮。格魯特休斯指出,同方威視同樣可以在海關安檢方面獲得影響力。
隨著同方威視向海外擴張,該公司在那米比亞菲律賓被捲入賄賂和腐敗行為。2020年加拿大基於數據安全的擔憂,取消同方威視為170個大使館安裝X光掃描機的680萬美元交易。同年,美國也將同方威視列入黑名單。
自2024年的突擊搜查以來,歐盟執委會對同方威視展開深入調查,結果可能迫使該公司剝離資產,並對其進一步實施禁令。但中國司法部已做出回應,公開命令同方威視不要配合調查。
歐洲外交關係委員會高級研究員蓋爾克(Tobias Gehrke)表示,中國指示同方威視不要配合歐洲的調查,以此試探歐洲行動的底線,「中國正在將同方威視作為1個測試案例,看看歐洲人究竟多想堅持他們的法規」。
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