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Back洛克斐勒基金会民调:全球对美中领导力信心下降,倾向中等强国合作
洛克斐勒基金会民调:全球对美中领导力信心下降,倾向中等强国合作
World
德国之声2 hours agoWorld4 min readChinaView translation

洛克斐勒基金会民调:全球对美中领导力信心下降,倾向中等强国合作

调查显示多数受访者支持各国在不依赖美中情况下合作,加拿大、日本及澳大利亚被视为更理想的国际领导者。

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洛克斐勒基金会民调显示,全球受访者对美中领导力信心不足,更倾向加拿大、日本等中等强国。多数人对经济前景悲观,但对国际组织信任度有所回升。调查涵盖34国逾3.5万人。

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Why It Matters

该调查由洛克斐勒基金会委托,于2025年7月至8月间在34个国家进行,旨在评估全球对大国领导力及国际组织的看法。

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(德国之声中文网)这项由美国洛克斐勒基金会委托进行的民调结果显示,多数受访者并不乐见美国或中国担任全球领导者,61%的受访者支持各国在不依赖这两个全球最大经济体参与的情况下共同合作。

在“谁适合领导国际事务”的问题上,加拿大获得60%位居第一;其次为日本(58%)和澳大利亚(55%)。欧盟与英国则分别以55%和54%的支持紧随其后,而联合国则为52%。

相较之下,仅39%的受访者认为由美国发挥领导作用令人安心,认为中国适合的比例则只有37%,另有26%的受访者对俄罗斯的领导角色感到安心。

该项民意调查于今年7月21日至8月5日在34个国家实施,受访者超过3.5万人。

洛克斐勒基金会副总裁佩洛夫斯基(Eric Pelofsky)表示,调查结果显示,加拿大总理卡尼(Mark Carney)倡导的“中等强国”路线在全球确实具有公信力。中等强国路线指的是,中型国家必须联手对抗强国的霸权与保护主义。

佩洛夫斯基指出,民调结果反映“美国的全球领导地位正在被削弱。人们讨论全球问题的解决方案时,已经不再优先询问美方看法。这是一记沉重打击。”

值得注意的是,发展中国家与发达国家的受访者之间,对于中国的看法差异十分明显。 53%的发展中国家受访者对中国发挥领导作用感到安心,而富裕国家中的这项比例仅为23%。

全球重大威胁:俄罗斯、美国、中国

在不计入受访者本国评价的情况下,俄罗斯在14个国家中被列为最值得担忧的国家,42%的受访者认为俄罗斯是重大威胁,高于美国的34%及中国的30%,其中将俄罗斯视为威胁比例最高的地区主要集中在欧洲。

另外,美国则被15个国家的受访者视为最大威胁,其中比例最高的国家包括印尼(73%)、巴西(59%)、墨西哥(58%)及土耳其(57%)。

七成受访者对经济、安全未来悲观

除了对大国领导的信任度外,这项调查也反映出各国受访者对经济发展与安全挑战的看法,其中将近70%的人都认为抱持悲观态度,仅有38%的受访者认为,本国经济在未来五年会有所改善。

尽管如此,仍有57%的受访者认为,各国应合作解决安全等全球性挑战,即便此举意味着必须在部分国家利益上作出让步,对比去年有些微增加。

自美国总统特朗普在2025年就任后,一度对几乎所有国家的进口商品加征关税,引发国际经济动荡。今年2月底,美国与以色列对伊朗发动战争,德黑兰关闭霍尔木兹海峡扰乱全球能源市场,拖累经济成长并推升通胀。

国际组织信任度提升

过去一年间,国际机构的支持度普遍上升。各国受访者对世界卫生组织的信任度从2025年的61%上升至69%;联合国则由58%升至62%。

世界银行、国际货币基金(IMF)以及国际刑事法院(ICC)这三个在去年调查中被指为“不及格”的机构,今年均出现显著改善。其中,世界银行的信任度由46%升至55%;国际货币基金由43%升至51%;国际刑事法院则由48%升至54%,对世界贸易组织的信任度也由50%升至57%。

Open Questions

  • 中等强国联盟的具体运作机制为何?
  • 发展中国家与发达国家对华看法差异的深层原因?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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