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Back自由開講》勞動力愈來愈少,台灣為何沒有第三人生教育?
自由開講》勞動力愈來愈少,台灣為何沒有第三人生教育?
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自由时报3 hours agoEducation3 min readChinaView translation

自由開講》勞動力愈來愈少,台灣為何沒有第三人生教育?

面對工作年齡人口銳減,教育制度應支持中高齡者持續學習與社會參與

Quick Look

國發會推估台灣15至64歲工作年齡人口將從2026年約1,576萬人減至2075年約513萬人。作者主張,超高齡社會應建立退休轉銜教育制度,整合樂齡學習與中高齡就業政策,並將退場校園轉型為第三人生學習基地,讓教育陪伴人生下半場持續成長。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

國發會2026年公布的人口推估指出,台灣15至64歲工作年齡人口將從2026年的約1,576萬人,減少至2075年的約513萬人,50年間減少逾千萬人。主計總處公布的2026年9月就業統計顯示,全台就業人數約1,164萬人,較上月減少1.5萬人。

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當台灣開始擔心誰來支撐未來的勞動力,我們是否也該思考:當一個人離開職場,誰來協助他重新學習、轉換角色,再次找到人生方向?

國發會2026年公布的人口推估指出,台灣15至64歲工作年齡人口將從2026年的約1,576萬人,減少至2075年的約513萬人,50年間減少逾千萬人。這不只是人口結構的警訊,更是教育制度必須正視的挑戰。主計總處公布的2026年9月就業統計顯示,全台就業人數約1,164萬人,較上月減少1.5萬人。單月數據不能代表長期趨勢,但與國發會的人口推估相互對照,台灣確實需要及早思考未來的人力發展策略。

國發會今年公布的人口推估指出,台灣15至64歲工作年齡人口將從2026年的約1,576萬人,減少至2075年的約513萬人。(資料照)

政府鼓勵中高齡者持續就業,是因應缺工的重要措施,然而,高齡者不應只是填補人力缺口的備用資源,真正重要的,不只是讓人工作得更久,而是讓人在不同人生階段,仍保有學習、選擇與貢獻的能力。

問題在於,我們的教育制度以學齡教育及職前培訓為主。年輕人接受教育,是為了進入職場;在職者接受訓練,是為了提升工作能力;即將退休或已退休的人,卻缺少完整的制度,協助他們培養第二專長、重新規劃生活,甚至探索新的工作與社會參與機會。我們準備了退休金、醫療與長期照顧,卻還沒有充分準備好退休後的教育。

因此,政府應將第三人生教育納入超高齡社會的公共政策:

首先,建立退休轉銜教育制度,讓即將退休者及早學習生活規劃、數位科技、第二專長與社會參與。

其次,整合樂齡學習與中高齡就業政策,使學習能銜接職能培育、地方產業及志願服務。

最後,重新布局少子化下的教育資源,評估將合適的退場校園轉型為第三人生學習基地,結合大學、地方產業與社區,發展跨世代共學及高齡人才培育。

超高齡社會的第三人生教育3大政策。(本報製圖)

台灣不缺乏有經驗、有專業、有熱情的中高齡者,缺少的是讓這些能力持續發展的制度與場域。面對工作年齡人口減少,教育資源更應隨人口結構改變,重新思考服務對象與公共使命,當我們看見高齡者的勞動力,也應看見他們的學習力、創造力與社會貢獻力。台灣需要的不只是延長工作年限,更是建立支持人生下半場持續成長的教育制度。

讓教育陪伴一個人走過職場,不只走到退休;讓退休成為人生重新出發的起點,而不是社會角色退場的開始。這才是超高齡社會應有的準備。

高齡90歲的鄭恨阿嬤(右)認真學習電腦操作,她活到老、學到老的精神令人佩服。(南市社會局提供)

(作者為苗栗縣樂齡學習示範中心執行長&國立暨南國際大學 諮商心理與人力資源發展學系兼任助理教授)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 政府將把第三人生教育納入超高齡社會公共政策,建立退休轉銜教育制度。

    Possible · Within months

  • 部分退場校園將轉型為第三人生學習基地。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 第三人生教育制度的具體預算與執行時間表為何?
  • 退場校園轉型為第三人生學習基地的具體選址與合作大學名單為何?
  • 中高齡就業政策與樂齡學習的整合機制將如何運作?

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