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Back工业和信息化部等九部门发布《智能网联新能源汽车产业发展“十五五”规划》
工业和信息化部等九部门发布《智能网联新能源汽车产业发展“十五五”规划》
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中国新闻网16 minutes agoBusiness7 min readChinaView translation

工业和信息化部等九部门发布《智能网联新能源汽车产业发展“十五五”规划》

规划提出到2030年纯电动乘用车百公里电耗降至11.5千瓦时左右,并实现高度自动驾驶规模应用

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工信部等九部门发布《智能网联新能源汽车产业发展“十五五”规划》,明确2030年纯电动乘用车百公里电耗目标为11.5千瓦时,新能源车销量占比达70%,并推动高速公路等场景实现L4级高度自动驾驶。

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Why It Matters

中国新能源汽车产业正经历快速增长,2024年8月新能源汽车月度新车销量占比已达六成。国家通过制定“十五五”规划,旨在进一步提升能源利用效率并推动自动驾驶技术落地。

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工业和信息化部等九部门今天(11日)发布了《智能网联新能源汽车产业发展“十五五”规划》。规划中提到“纯电动乘用车平均电能消耗量达到每百公里11.5千瓦时左右”、“高速公路、城市快速路、部分城市道路等场景实现高度自动驾驶”、国内市场新能源乘用车新车总销量占比达到70%……可以说目标相当明确。

那么,百公里11.5度电的能耗量是什么概念?它对于车企和消费者意味着什么?高速公路等场景的“高度自动驾驶”具体是指将实现什么样的状态?到了2030年,当国内新能源汽车达到新车总销量的七成,对我们普通人的购车、出行等相关场景又意味着什么样的改变?

11.5度的百公里电耗意味着什么?

“纯电动乘用车平均电能消耗量达到每百公里11.5千瓦时左右”这一数字引发广泛关注。这个电耗属于什么水平?据专家介绍,在目前的新能源乘用车领域,微型代步车每百公里的电耗在8-10度左右,紧凑型家用轿车在百公里11.5-13.5度左右,中大型SUV及中大型轿车在百公里14-17度。这是目前新能源乘用车领域普遍的一个电力消耗水平。那么,到2030年实现11.5度左右的百公里电耗,对于车企、对于消费者意味着什么?国家高端智库可持续交通创新中心研究员、北京交通大学教授李红昌进行了解读。

李红昌:纯电动乘用车平均电能消耗量达到每百公里11.5千瓦时左右,这对新能源汽车企业和用车的老百姓来讲,含义有较大差异。

对新能源汽车企业而言,这意味着很大的技术提升空间,也意味着竞争进一步加剧。对技术、车辆设计、总体消耗水平等,都提出了更高的要求。

对普通老百姓而言,这意味着每度电跑的里程不断增加。一般场景下,假定每度电0.5元,每公里只需花六分钱,每行驶1万公里总电费不到600元。在公共快充站,按照每度电1.2元计算,每公里成本也就0.14元。对老百姓来讲,可以不断降低和优化里程焦虑。从市区通勤来看,续航里程稳定在500公里以上,一周充一次电就够用了。高速上以110公里每小时巡航,续航里程也能保持在450公里左右。这样,两个服务区之间也不会出现缺电或着急抢充电桩的情况。

对国家而言,这也是能源利用效率的一次跃升,是实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要支撑力量。

在高速公路实现“高度自动驾驶”将是什么样?

此次公布的规划还提到,到2030年,“具备自动驾驶功能的汽车实现规模应用”。“在高速公路、城市快速路,部分城市道路等场景实现高度自动驾驶。”这里面,“高度自动驾驶”具体是指将实现什么样的状态?

李红昌:高度自动驾驶有明确的分类分级标准。按照我国2021年发布的汽车驾驶自动化分级国家标准,高度自动驾驶就是指L4级自动驾驶。也就是说,它还达不到L5完全自动驾驶,但已经属于L4级自动驾驶——在特定场景下,全程不需要驾驶员接管;系统遇到故障时,也能自动执行靠边停车等降低风险的操作,完全脱离了人的驾驶干预。在绝大多数高速公路、城市快速路以及特定城市道路中,车辆可以自主跟车、变道、避障、进出匝道,全流程完成自动化操作。

37种“最坎坷”路面搬进智能网联试验场

高度自动驾驶技术要想真正落地,技术领先与安全可靠缺一不可。不久前,国内首个“路空一体”智能网联综合性国家级测试基地——南方试验场,在广东韶关投运启用。在这里,智能网联汽车将开上37种“最坎坷”的路面进行测试。

总台记者 吴媚苗:在南方试验场综合路况耐久测试区,30多台智能网联汽车进行同一项测试——“压马路”。这里所压的马路较为特殊,包括扭曲路、坑洼路、凸块路等,共37种特殊路段。

我们日常开车不会只在平坦的马路上行驶,土路、施工路、减速带等情况都有可能出现。因此,把日常驾驶可能遇到的“烂路”乃至极端路况,全部“搬进”试验场。有的测试底盘滤震,有的测试电子系统稳定性,有的检验涉水、泡水状态等。这些“强化版”路面,能把开车十几年、几十万公里的日常磨损,浓缩到几万公里的试验里程中验证。场内跑3万公里,相当于社会道路行驶16万公里的磨损。这样便于车商发现问题、解决问题,交到消费者手里的车才能更安心。

新能源车销量占比达70%意味着哪些改变?

按照规划提出的目标,到2030年,国内市场新能源乘用车新车总销量的占比将达到70%。这是一个什么概念?中国汽车工业协会公布的最新汽车产销数据显示,8月份,我国新能源汽车的月度新车销量占到总销量的六成,占比再创新高。要知道,在2020年发布的《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021~2035年)》当中,当时设定的目标是,到2025年,我国新能源汽车新车销量占比达到20%左右。曾经的目标是20%,现在的水平是60%,5年后的目标是70%。这个占比的提升,对于公众购车、出行等相关场景,意味着怎样的改变?

李红昌:新能源汽车占新车销售的比重达到70%,这对公众购车和出行都有非常深刻的影响。

首先,在产品选择上,从购买车辆的市场结构来看,新能源车将成为主流,燃油车则成为小众选择。车企把研发和产能主要向新能源车倾斜,燃油车相对会更少。新能源车在性价比、技术稳定性,特别是日常运营维护成本和能源消耗成本方面,都具有较强的竞争力。

从日常出行用车场景来看,这意味着社会用能体系将发生很大改变。充电桩在不同区域的布局,在高速、县城、乡镇会进一步完善,高压快充也会不断普及,补能速度不断提升。随着电池技术以及充电设施的优化,老百姓更加体会到新能源汽车使用的便捷性和成本的经济性。

对于城市交通而言,通勤成本也将有很大改善和提高。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 2030年新能源乘用车新车销量占比达到70%

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 具体的技术实现路径及补贴政策细节
  • 燃油车退出市场的具体时间表

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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