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Back美檢方對華為提出多項刑事指控:面臨組織犯罪審判
美檢方對華為提出多項刑事指控:面臨組織犯罪審判
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

美檢方對華為提出多項刑事指控:面臨組織犯罪審判

華為即將在紐約面臨刑事審判,被控竊取商業機密、誤導銀行及違反制裁,恐面臨美國史上最大規模企業罰款之一。

Quick Look

中國科技巨頭華為即將在紐約面臨刑事審判。美國檢方指控華為以「組織犯罪集團」模式運作,涉及竊取商業機密、誤導銀行及違反伊朗與北韓制裁。若遭定罪,華為可能面臨美國史上最大規模的企業刑事罰款。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國檢方指控華為過去20年涉及竊取商業機密及違反伊朗與北韓制裁。華為否認指控,稱其為商業競爭糾紛。

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中國科技巨頭華為即將在紐約面臨刑事審判。《金融時報》報導,美國檢方指控華為以「組織犯罪集團」的模式運作,過去20年涉及竊取競爭對手商業機密、誤導銀行及違反制裁等行為,因此,華為若遭定罪,華為可能面臨美國史上規模最大的企業刑事罰款之一。

《金融時報》以「華為的崛起是否建立在犯罪之上?」為題指出,根據美國檢方說法,華為內部曾有一個名稱模糊的「競爭管理小組」(competition management group),其目的就是向取得競爭對手最有價值資訊的員工發放每月獎金,員工還可透過加密電子郵件,將取得的資料傳送至專門信箱。

這項指控是華為刑事案的核心之一。美檢方主張,華為涉嫌以組織犯罪企業的方式運作,相關指控橫跨20年,從竊取競爭對手機密,到誤導銀行有關其伊朗業務的資訊。案件將在紐約東區聯邦法院審理,預料可能持續數月。

其中一項竊密指控涉及美國電信商T-Mobile的手機測試機器人。起訴書稱,2013年一名華為員工進入T-Mobile實驗室後,偷偷將機器人手臂放入筆電包並帶走;在T-Mobile發現並取回手臂前,一名華為工程師已將零件照片及尺寸寄給其他同事。

華為面臨的指控還延伸至伊朗及北韓。起訴書稱,華為以「A2」代稱伊朗、「A9」代稱北韓,華為代表並被控向銀行否認公司參與多項北韓計畫。美方還指控,華為曾協助伊朗政府安裝監控設備,這些設備在2009年反政府示威期間,被用於監控、辨識及拘留示威者。

報導指,華為創辦人任正非之女孟晚舟雖不是這次案件的被告,卻可能成為重要角色。孟晚舟2018年在加拿大溫哥華被捕,2021年獲釋,她當時承認曾就華為在伊朗的業務誤導匯豐(HSBC)。美國檢方目前已取得法院許可,可向陪審團出示她當年簽署的相關文件。

相關文件顯示,孟晚舟曾將主要在伊朗營運的Skycom描述為與華為合作的「第三方」,但實際上華為控制Skycom;她也曾向銀行表示華為已出售Skycom全部股份,但這些股份實際被出售給另一個由華為控制的實體。

華為若遭定罪,後果可能相當嚴重。報導指出,由於反勒索及受賄組織法(RICO)允許罰金最高達相關犯罪所得的兩倍,華為可能面臨美國史上規模最大的企業刑事罰款之一。華為2019年已被美國列入實體清單,取得部分外國技術受到限制;若再遭刑事定罪,也可能讓銀行更加忌憚與華為往來。

華為則反駁美方說法,認為美國司法部把性質不同的犯罪指控硬湊成一套犯罪模式,並稱商業機密爭議是大型科技公司在激烈競爭中常見的糾紛,部分竊密指控也早已超過追訴時效。華為強調,公司成功來自長期投入創新及尊重智慧財產權,並稱已連續9年躋身全球研發投資最高的6家公司之列。

美國戰略暨國際研究中心(CSIS)資深顧問Scott Kennedy表示:「我的看法是,華為基本上已經放棄了有朝一日能夠重新進入美國市場的想法。」

儘管如此,如果紐約法院做出對華為不利的裁決,尤其是導致巨額罰款及賠償要求,仍可能對華為造成重大影響。美國司法部或許難以扣押華為位於中國的資產,但可能對華為在美國境內的資產主張權利,例如銀行帳戶。

這場審判還撞上敏感的美中政治時刻。報導說,中國國家主席習近平預計本月訪問華盛頓,而川普第一任總統任期內就曾暗示,華為案件可能成為與中國談判的一部分。專家認為,不能預設川普會介入,但也不能認為法院程序能完全與談判桌隔絕。華為案同時牽涉科技競爭、伊朗制裁與美中外交,這場可能持續數月的審判,影響恐不只侷限於法院之內。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 紐約法院將對華為進行為期數月的刑事審判。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 法院最終判決罰款金額為何?
  • 此案是否會影響美中貿易談判?

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