How to justify voting and regularize the electoral situation in Brazil

In Brazil, voting is mandatory for literate people between 18 and 70 years old. Anyone who cannot attend the vote can justify their absence.

How to justify the vote?

The voter who does not attend the vote and is outside the electoral domicile can justify their absence on the day of the election, using the e-Título application or at the voting and justification locations defined by the Electoral Court.

It is also possible to justify after the election. In the 2026 Elections, the deadline is December 3, 2026 for those who do not vote in the first round, scheduled for October 4. For those who miss the second round, if there is one, the deadline is January 8, 2027.

The justification is made separately for each shift. In other words, whoever misses both shifts must justify both absences.

What if you don't vote or justify it?

In this case, the voter is indebted to the Electoral Court and subject to paying a fine. Until the situation is regularized, the voter is subject to some restrictions provided for by electoral legislation.

Among them are:

not obtaining a passport or identity card;

not register for a public examination or test for a public position or function;

not take office in a public position or function;

These restrictions are applied while there is a dispute with the Electoral Court. The voter can regularize the situation by paying fines and, when necessary, following the procedures required by the Electoral Court.

What is the value of the fine?

The fine of R$3.51 refers to each round in which you failed to vote. The Federal Collection Guide (GRU) for paying fines can be obtained on the TRE-SP website, through the e-Título application or at any electoral registry office. It is possible to pay via Pix or credit card.

When can the title be cancelled?

The title can be canceled when the voter fails to vote in three consecutive elections without providing justification or paying the corresponding fines.

For this count, each round is considered an election. Thus, the first and second rounds of the same election count separately.

The cancellation does not apply to people for whom voting is optional, among other exceptions provided for by the Electoral Court.

If the title is canceled for this reason, it is possible to regularize the situation. To do this, it is necessary to pay the fines due, if any, and request a review of the electoral registration, in addition to complying with the other requirements set out by the Electoral Court.

How to regularize the situation?

The voter can consult the electoral situation and check any debts through the Electoral Court channels. The fine can be paid via the e-Título app, through Electoral Self-Service or directly at the electoral registry.

After payment, you must wait for the discharge to be registered in the Electoral Register. If the title is canceled due to three consecutive absences, in addition to paying the fines, it is necessary to request regularization of the registration.