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Back營養師提醒:生活規律不規律可能加速老化,不只是睡多久
營養師提醒:生活規律不規律可能加速老化,不只是睡多久
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自由时报2 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

營養師提醒:生活規律不規律可能加速老化,不只是睡多久

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營養師薛曉晶引用2026年《JAMA Network Open》研究指出,中高齡者若生活節奏零碎、休息-活動節律不明顯,與較快的表觀遺傳老化相關,即使總睡眠時數相同。研究強調白天活動、晚上休息的明確差異與固定作息時間對減緩生物老化的重要性,並提供五項調整建議。

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Why It Matters

文章引用2026年5月發表於《JAMA Network Open》的研究,探討中高齡者休息-活動節律與表觀遺傳老化的關聯,使用腕式活動紀錄器和DNA甲基化分析四種時鐘(GrimAge、PhenoAge、Horvath、Hannum)測量生物老化指標。

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〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕營養師薛曉晶在臉書粉專「營養師媽媽曉晶的生活筆記」表示,明明同樣68歲,為什麼有些人看起來精神很好,有些人卻總是疲憊?2026最新研究提醒:除了睡多久,「每天有沒有固定的生活節奏」也可能和身體老化有關!

薛曉晶表示,談到抗老,有些人第一個想到的是健康飲食、規律運動、每天睡足7、8小時。但如果今天晚上11點睡,明天凌晨2點才睡;平日早上7點起床,週末卻一路睡到中午;白天坐了一整天,晚上反而精神大好,開始追劇、滑手機。即使「總睡眠時數」看起來差不多,身體每天接收到的活動與休息訊號,可能完全不一樣。

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生活規律 老得慢

2026年5月發表於《JAMA Network Open》的一項研究,就從另一個角度看「老化」:中高齡者24小時的休息-活動節律愈明顯、每天愈規律,與較慢的表觀遺傳老化有關;反過來,生活節奏愈零碎、每天睡眠與休息時間變來變去,則與較快的表觀遺傳老化相關。

抗老不只是「今晚多睡一小時」,每天的節奏可能也很重要。薛曉晶引用一份研究,納入207名美國社區中高齡成人,平均年齡68.4歲,其中約65%是女性。研究人員沒有只靠問卷詢問「平常睡多久」,而是讓參與者連續配戴腕式活動紀錄器,平均取得約5.8天的有效資料。他們看24小時:

● 白天活動與夜間休息的差異夠不夠明顯?

● 每一天是不是大致按照固定時間活動?

● 原本應該休息的時段,活動量是不是仍然很高?

● 一天當中是不是經常在活動、休息之間反覆切換?

同時,研究團隊抽取血液分析DNA甲基化,使用GrimAge、PhenoAge、Horvath及Hannum四種「表觀遺傳時鐘」,觀察生物老化的相關指標。而研究裡最值得注意的結果,不是找到一個「最佳入睡時間」。反而是「生活規律不規律」。

研究發現,24小時活動節律的「振幅」愈明顯,也就是白天與夜間的活動差異愈清楚,與較低的GrimAge及PhenoAge加速有關。簡單來說:白天真的有起來活動,晚上則逐漸安靜下來,比整天活動量都差不多,更符合一個清楚的休息-活動節奏。

另外,每天在差不多的時間維持類似活動模式,也就是研究中的「interdaily stability」,同樣與較低的GrimAge及PhenoAge加速有關。相反地,如果一天之內活動與休息經常被切得很零碎,研究中的「intradaily variability」愈高,就與較高的GrimAge加速有關。

薛曉晶提醒,如果今天很早睡、明天非常晚睡,休息與睡眠時間中點每天變動很大,也與較高的PhenoAge加速有關。換言之,身體似乎不只在意「今天睡了幾小時」,也在意昨天、今天、明天的生活節奏是不是差不多。

為什麼「生活有沒有節奏」,可能和老化扯上關係?

薛曉晶表示,人體的日夜節律,從來不只負責讓人晚上想睡。血糖調節、胰島素敏感度、荷爾蒙、免疫反應、粒線體功能、氧化壓力與DNA修復,都存在不同程度的日夜變化。

研究學者認為,較強、較規律的休息-活動節律,可能有助於維持代謝恆定與粒線體功能,也可能與較低的氧化壓力有關。相反地,長期節律失調,可能牽動慢性低度發炎、氧化壓力,以及睡眠期間的修復功能。

薛曉晶表示,這在熟齡生活裡其實非常常見。退休後不用趕著上班,早上愈起愈晚;白天沒有事情就坐著、躺著,下午再睡一、兩個小時,到了晚上自然又不太睏。所以每天幾點起床、什麼時候出去走走、什麼時候吃飯,這些看似很普通的生活安排,其實都在幫身體建立一套相對穩定的24小時節奏。

不過,這篇研究不能直接解讀成「作息規律就能讓DNA變年輕」。這是一項橫斷面研究,只能看到「休息-活動節律」與「表觀遺傳老化」之間的關聯,不能證明誰造成誰。也可能是本來身體狀況比較好、活動功能比較完整的人,自然比較容易維持規律生活。

另外,研究只有207人,活動紀錄大約一週,而且主要來自美國巴爾的摩地區,未來仍需要更大型、更多元族群的長期研究。還有一點非常重要:這篇研究沒有證明愈早睡愈好。研究對「幾點睡、幾點活動最好」的結果其實並不一致,而且會受到年齡影響。所以不能把結果簡化成:晚睡一定老得快、早睡的人一定比較年輕、所有人都必須晚上10點前睡。

專家建議5件事 調整生活節律

目前比較一致的觀點是:日夜差異清楚、每天生活相對規律。想幫自己或家中長輩把生活節奏找回來,可以先做這5件事

● 先把起床時間固定下來:與其躺在床上逼自己「今天一定要10點睡」,不如先從早上開始。

平日、假日的起床時間盡量不要相差太大,讓光線、早餐、活動與晚上的睡意慢慢形成固定節奏。

● 白天真的要「亮起來、動起來」:起床後接觸自然光,白天安排買菜、散步、家務或運動。

如果晚上睡不好,白天又一直躺著補眠,很容易讓白天與夜晚的活動差異愈來愈小。

●不需要一開始就去跑步:飯後走10~15分鐘,上午、下午各安排一次活動,對很多長輩來說更容易做到。

●三餐不要每天差三、四個小時:今天早餐8點,明天11點;晚餐有時6點、有時10點,再加上一頓宵夜,代謝每天收到的時間訊號也會跟著改變。

不需要精準到每一天都在固定時間吃早餐,但三餐大致維持固定時段,晚餐也盡量不要拖到睡前才吃。

●蛋白質要夠,才能維持白天活動能力:熟齡族白天活動量下降,常常也同時伴隨肌肉流失。肌力下降後走路變少、容易疲累,活動量又會進一步降低。

每餐可以安排約一個手掌心大小的魚、蛋、豆腐、肉類,或搭配乳製品,讓肌肉有足夠的修復材料。

●晚上讓身體慢慢進入「休息時段」:下午、晚上大量咖啡因,喝酒幫助入睡,或睡前吃一大餐,都可能讓部分人的睡眠變得更零碎。

●容易睡不穩的人,可以一次先挑一件調整:下午後減少咖啡因、不用酒精助眠、宵夜往前移、睡前減少長時間滑手機。不用全部一次做到,找到最容易干擾自己的那一項,先改就好。

健康熟齡生活 很簡單

薛曉晶總結,「熟齡健康」不只是每天要做更多事,而是讓「該活動的時間有活動,該休息的時間好好休息」。這篇研究真正值得帶回生活中的,是重新看看自己的24小時:早上是不是每天差不多時間起床?白天有沒有真的活動?三餐是不是有基本節奏?到了晚上,生活有沒有慢慢安靜下來?

規律起床、白天活動、正常吃飯、晚上休息,其實是一整套連在一起的生活節奏。先不用追求「完美作息」;明天早上固定一個時間起床、出去曬點太陽,再走10分鐘,就是一個很好的開始。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來將有更大型、多元族群的長期研究進一步驗證生活節律對表觀遺傳老化的影響。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 該研究是否適用於其他年齡層或地區族群?
  • 長期追蹤是否能證實生活節律改善能逆轉或減緩表觀遺傳老化?
  • 不同文化的作息習慣對研究結果的適用性如何?

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