Back德国总理:国家应尽可能减少对经济事务的干预
德国总理:国家应尽可能减少对经济事务的干预
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德国之声1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChina

德国总理:国家应尽可能减少对经济事务的干预

德国联邦总理、基民盟主席在柏林哈耶克基金会活动上强调开放市场与竞争

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德国联邦总理、基民盟主席默茨主张国家尽可能减少对经济事务的干预,呼吁开放市场、企业自由和竞争。他为削减屋顶太阳能装置补贴辩护,反对法国“欧洲制造”议题下的高关税保护主义,并呼吁在欧盟层面建立关键原材料储备以降低供应风险。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德国联邦总理、基民盟主席默茨在柏林由弗里德里希·奥古斯特·冯·哈耶克基金会举办的活动上发表经济政策主张,主张减少国家干预、开放市场与竞争。他还涉及太阳能补贴削减、欧盟贸易壁垒以及关键原材料储备等议题。

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德国联邦总理、基民盟主席默茨主张,国家应尽可能减少对经济事务的干预。周四(11月5日),在柏林由弗里德里希·奥古斯特·冯·哈耶克基金会(Friedrich August von Hayek Foundation)举办的一场活动上,默茨表示:“国家不应亲自做出经济决策——因为它根本没有能力这样做。”“因此,我们需要开放德市场、企业自由和竞争,让最优解决方案能够以去中心化的方式涌现出来。”

在此背景下,默茨为削减屋顶太阳能装置补贴的举措进行了辩护,并重申他坚持尽可能降低欧盟贸易壁垒的立场。针对法国提出的“欧洲制造”(Made in Europe)议题——即通过对非欧洲商品征收更高关税来保护欧盟内部生产,默茨表达了反对意见,认为不应实施过于严格的监管。

默茨主张,国家应专注于构建一个能够让自由蓬勃发展的秩序框架。这包括保障财产权、促进竞争、提供基础设施和有效的金融工具,并执行现有规则。

“国家战略可以提供推动力,但无法取代开放市场中固有的‘探索过程’(即通过市场竞争发现最优方案的过程)。”他指出,特别是在能源政策领域,一些行业长期以来一直受到保护,免受竞争冲击。他主张,现在必须削减补贴。他强调,这绝不是能源转型的终结。恰恰相反,这是实现能源转型的必要步骤。默茨警告称:“这是在一个民主多数因无力负担而干脆扫除这些目标之前,实现经济目标和生态目标的唯一可能方式。”

不过,他也提出了一个例外情况,并呼吁国家支持建立欧盟关键原材料储备。“我们目前正面临重大风险,因为原材料的开采和加工高度集中在极少数国家。国家必须协助降低这些风险,国家必须助力实现供应来源的多样化。”

他表示将在布鲁塞尔提出“非常具体地”建议,在欧洲层面建立这些关键原材料储备。若没有这些原材料,将无法制造电池、高性能电机、半导体以及未来至关重要的各类高科技产品。

中国目前掌控着许多关键原材料的出口与加工环节。中国领导层曾两次实施出口管制,导致供应链出现严重问题。上周,默茨访问了日本。日本早在数年前就开始为特定原材料建立储备,并通过其他供应来源替代从中国进口原材料。在欧盟内部,仍需回答的问题是:谁来为储备买单。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 默茨将在布鲁塞尔提出建立欧盟关键原材料储备的具体建议

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 欧盟将削减屋顶太阳能装置补贴

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 欧盟关键原材料储备的资金由谁承担
  • 削减屋顶太阳能补贴的具体时间表和力度
  • 默茨访问日本期间关于原材料替代的具体协议内容

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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