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Back北京即将迎来正式供暖 再生水“隔空换热”加入供能行列
北京即将迎来正式供暖 再生水“隔空换热”加入供能行列
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中国新闻网1 hour agoEnergy5 min readChinaView translation

北京即将迎来正式供暖 再生水“隔空换热”加入供能行列

东升科技园项目示范再生水水源热泵供暖,年节省3万多吨标煤,减少碳排放7万多吨

Quick Look

北京海淀区东升科技园采用再生水水源热泵供暖,每天至少10万立方米再生水从清河再生水厂输送,提取5℃温差转化为高品位热能。据统计,供热面积达286万平方米,年节省3万多吨标煤,减少碳排放7万多吨。北京市中心城区11座再生水厂已使用再生水水源热泵,相关项目正在推进。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

再生水是污水或废水经过处理后达到特定水质标准的非饮用水,被称为城市的“第二水源”。北京2025年再生水利用量超13亿立方米,占全市水资源供给总量三成以上。国家发展改革委、工信部、生态环境部等六部门2025年3月印发《推动热泵行业高质量发展行动方案》,支持选用水源等类型热泵替代燃煤锅炉和散煤燃烧。

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再生水是指污水或废水经过处理后,达到特定水质标准,可以在一定范围内再次利用的非饮用水,被称为城市的“第二水源”。在大众的常规认知中,再生水回用是缓解水资源短缺的重要途径,但可能鲜有人知道,如今再生水已经解锁了新用途——为城市供暖提供热能。随着冬意渐浓,北京即将迎来新一轮供暖季,今年供暖,再生水将加入热能行列。如何从15℃的再生水中提取热能,守护民生温度?

走进北京市海淀区东升科技园(二期),见不到高耸的烟囱,也没有轰鸣的锅炉,这里的暖意都来自藏在地下空间的现代化“能源心脏”——离心式水源热泵机组。驱动它们的并非煤炭或天然气,而是这座城里昼夜流动、循环不息的再生水。在供暖季,每天至少10万m³的再生水将从距离此地直线距离仅1.8公里的清河再生水厂出发,如流淌的血液般注入热泵机组这个“能源心脏”,再一滴不少地输送回水厂。这一来一回,变化的是再生水的温度。

北京北排清洁能源投资有限责任公司运营安全部项目经理王明华介绍,通过机组中的制冷机,将水池里的低品位热能换热到末端变成高品位热能的过程。来水差不多是15℃,回水是10℃左右,提取5℃的温差,过程中光用水温、不用水量;再经过机组加热以后,供能末端出水约45℃。

经过离心式水源热泵机组“隔空换热”搬运的这5℃的热能,足以满足东升科技园整个园区的供暖需求。王明华这样打比方,热泵机组本身不制造能量,而是能量的“搬运工”。如此高效的“搬运工”是如何运转的?

王明华:离心式水源热泵机组包括蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、经济器。蒸发器里是制冷剂,再生水在管道里转一圈就走了,而温度被低温的制冷剂吸走,进入到压缩机中做功,就变成了高温高压的气体;再进入冷凝器转化成高温的液体,由经济器调节出水的温度。

热量的传递就像一对朋友拥抱在一起,身体冷的一方从身体热的一方取暖。再生水的进水、回水与供暖管道并不连通,它不会进入到供暖管道,水质也就不会受到影响,提取过热量后的再生水不会被消耗分毫,即刻全部返回水厂,温度也符合继续循环利用的标准。

北京北排清洁能源投资有限责任公司副总经理董海峰告诉记者,相较传统能源供热,水源热泵项目能节约超30%的化石能源消耗,是名副其实的零碳排放,且具备一定经济效益;同时,它还为城市供热领域开辟了“污水资源化+清洁能源”的创新路径,最大限度地“榨取”了再生水资源价值,让水资源变成了能源,实现了资源再利用过程的“梅开二度”。

董海峰:我们目前已经为东升科技园、华能热电厂等集团内外用户提供服务,根据统计,供热面积达286万平方米,一年能节省3万多吨标煤,减少碳排放7万多吨,相当于种植了440万棵树。我们下一步的计划是,积极探索水厂周边工业及居民的用热制冷需求、包括项目方案的制定;再就是依托北京市的供热大网周边具备再生水和污水条件的点位,给北京市供热管网进行补热工作。

据了解,在依托再生水余热资源、推动污水余热“变废为宝”的过程中,北京排水集团所属北排能源公司一方面通过水源热泵接入城市热力大网实施并网补热,持续提升市政热网绿色热源占比,还落地了国内首个再生水余热回收与城市集中供热管网高效耦合项目——华能北京热电厂再生水余热回收并网集中供热项目。

北京市排水管理事务中心再生水科副科长王喆表示,再生水作为首都稳定可靠的第二水源,2025年利用量超13亿立方米,占全市水资源供给总量三成以上,主要用于河湖生态补水、工业生产、园林绿化和城市环卫;而在清洁能源的利用上,再生水水温常年稳定,是良好的水源热泵的冷热源。

王喆:现在北京市也在积极推进水源热泵使用,中心城区有11座再生水厂使用再生水水源热泵为厂区制冷、供热。东升科技园、北京南站、高碑店华能一期等水源热泵项目已建成稳定运行,南中轴、高安屯热网增绿项目也在积极推进前期工作。

目前,我国在国家和地方层面均出台了相关政策支持热泵应用,并提出了明确的落地场景。2025年3月,国家发展改革委、工信部、生态环境部等六部门印发的《推动热泵行业高质量发展行动方案》提出,支持选用水源等类型热泵替代燃煤锅炉和散煤燃烧。

北京作为超大型城市,冬季集中供热需求巨大且具有明显刚需属性,热源的补充与结构优化或已成为保障城市供热安全的重要课题。王喆进一步表示,北京市水务部门将在水务项目前期研究中对接供热需求,通过规划牵引项目落地,让“绿色暖流”的技术路径更加通畅。

王喆:既然水源热泵的来源是再生水,那么首先就要扩大它的源头,第一步将全力推进酒仙桥第二、减河北、台湖等重点再生水厂建设,在新建、改扩建再生水厂设计阶段预留热能利用的实施空间;同时,再生水本身需要输配条件,所以下一步也要抓好再生水管线和污水管网的更新改造工作,为热能利用提供输配网络。还要做好积极协同,在这些项目的选址、用地规划、工程建设环节,统筹好污水和再生水利用设施与供冷供热设施布局。

记者:韩雪莹

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 北京市中心城区更多再生水厂将采用水源热泵技术,供热面积将进一步扩大

    Likely · Within months

  • 酒仙桥第二、减河北、台湖等重点再生水厂建设将在新建、改扩建设计阶段预留热能利用空间

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 东升科技园项目的具体投资金额和建设周期是多少?
  • 南中轴、高安屯热网增绿项目的预计完工时间是什么?
  • 酒仙桥第二、减河北、台湖等重点再生水厂建设的具体时间表是什么?
  • 水源热泵供暖在居民小区推广的具体方案和时间表是什么?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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