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Back中国、出国制限の新規定施行 経済安保で技術保護
中国、出国制限の新規定施行 経済安保で技術保護
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時事通信1 hour agoPolitics2 min readJapanView translation

中国、出国制限の新規定施行 経済安保で技術保護

国家戦略上の重要産業を脅かす恐れで出国制限、外国人入国も厳格化

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中国で15日、国家戦略上の重要産業や技術を脅かす恐れがある場合、国民の出国を制限できる新規定が施行された。外国人入国条項も厳格化し、経済安保の観点から技術流出防止を図る。日系企業などは恣意的な運用への懸念を強めている。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国は経済安保の観点から輸出管理や対外投資監督など技術流出阻止の法整備を進めてきた。

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【北京、上海時事】中国で15日、国家戦略上の重要産業や技術を脅かす恐れがあれば、中国国民の出国を制限できる「出入国管理規定」が施行された。外国人の入国条項も厳格化。経済安全保障の観点から、国境をまたぐ「人の動き」を監視する。日系を含む人工知能(AI)や半導体関連などの企業は、技術者の出張やビザ(査証)の点検を急ぐ。

経済安保、「人の移動」も対象 出国管理強め技術保護―9月施行・中国

米国とのハイテク覇権争いが念頭にある。輸出管理や技術移転の法令に違反した中国人の出国を禁止。入国条項では、中国の対抗制裁対象者と「信頼できない企業」リスト掲載会社の関係者へのビザ発給や入国を拒める。中国人、外国人の出入国申請時に本人が保有する電子データの提示も要求できる。外国人の滞在・居留申請も対象だ。

施行初日の上海浦東国際空港では、新規定を知らせる掲示は見当たらず、普段と変わらぬ様子だった。ニュージーランドに向かう中国人男性は「詳しいことは分からない」と語った。

ただ、運用面では不透明感が残る。海外で違法行為をした中国人について、居住地の省政府にも出国禁止の決定権を新たに認めた。また、公職者や軍人の海外永住資格の不正取得も取り締まる。日中関係が冷え込む中、「国家安全」の解釈次第で地方裁量が広がりかねず、日系企業は「恣意(しい)的な判断」(機械大手)に身構える。

日本や台湾、韓国などの多国籍企業は、雇用契約の確認に加え、パソコンやスマートフォンの管理にも神経をとがらせる。日本貿易振興機構(ジェトロ)は情報提供を強化。国際法律事務所DLAパイパーは、日本駐在の社員が中国へ行った際の出国も懸念材料になるとみる。

中国ではSNSで「市民も出国しづらくなる」との情報が飛び交い、当局系サイトが10日に「新規定の誤読だ」と火消しを図った。一方、7月には対外投資への監督を強める規定も施行するなど、技術流出を阻止する法整備を進めてきた。ヒトやモノ、カネを含む越境活動を網羅的に捉える姿勢が鮮明だ。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 日系企業による中国派遣社員のビザや電子データ管理の点検強化

    Very likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 新規定における「国家安全」解釈の具体的な基準は何か
  • 地方裁量による出国禁止措置はどの程度広がるのか

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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