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Back零碳工厂建设加速:从细节优化到系统协同
零碳工厂建设加速:从细节优化到系统协同
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中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

零碳工厂建设加速:从细节优化到系统协同

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国家级零碳工厂建设启动,计划‘十五五’期间培育500家。北京亦庄风电装备厂通过涡流发生器提升效率、主动回馈整流单元降低测试舱用电70%、地下水蓄冷系统节能20%,上海金山电缆厂则通过光伏、锅炉技改和拉丝机节能实现产值增20%用电降20%。两家企业均面临物理绿电占比达35%的目标挑战,上海正规划AI智能微网推进区域绿电匹配。零碳工厂需政府、企业、产业链协同推进。

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Why It Matters

国家启动零碳工厂建设,计划‘十五五’期间培育500家零碳工厂,北京亦庄风电装备厂和上海金山电缆厂作为典型案例,正通过技术改造和能源结构调整向零碳目标迈进。

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今年7月,国家级零碳工厂建设正式启动。“十五五”期间,我国要培育建设500家零碳工厂。从北京亦庄的风电装备工厂,到上海金山的电缆厂,零碳工厂正逐步从概念变成现实。零碳工厂到底长啥样?它会给生产生活带来怎样的变化呢?

锱铢必较

把碳排放“抠”到个位数

北京亦庄凉水河畔,矗立着两台风机。运维工程师丁震宇爬上125米高的塔筒,给叶片装上“涡流发生器”这个指甲盖大小的零件,能让发电效率提升2%。

涡流发生器在叶片上的安装位置、角度等参数,都有讲究。叶片气动设计工程师金萌介绍,在原来基础上再加0.5%,为了这0.5%进行了上百次仿真和风洞测试。

之所以对这0.5%锱铢必较,答案藏在旁边的工厂里。他们正在申报国家级零碳工厂。

厂长陈海来介绍,工厂几乎所有碳排放都来源于用电,去年总耗近900万度电,自有风电和屋顶光伏所发绿电占工厂总用电超25%。剩余约600万度从市场购买绿电或绿证。

在国家级零碳工厂申报条件中,重点强调了“花钱买绿”的边界:非化石能源电力消费物理认定量,基本要求不低于10%,目标要求不低于35%。物理认定量:指自发自用、绿电直连这类“可溯源”的绿电。陈海来坦言,这是所有条件中最难的,所以提升直连风机的效率至关重要。

开源难,就节流。工厂最耗电的工序,是电控设备出厂前的测试舱(耗电占比达85%以上)。以往变桨柜满负荷测试3小时就要耗电200多度。

如今,陈海来给设备装上“主动回馈整流单元”,直接让这道工序用电量下降70%。

他们还给产线进行自动化改造,AGV小车一天跑500多趟,物流效率提升30%。

为了化解夏天空调用电量大的问题,工厂在地下约10米建了一个1500立方米的消防水池作为“水蓄冷”系统。夜间,利用风机富余电力或低谷电价,结合“地源热泵”技术,将水池制冷至6摄氏度,白天再将冷水输送给空调系统。这套“储水充电宝”,比传统中央空调省电20%左右。

园区光伏座椅能充电,停车棚光伏给员工新能源车充电,充电桩功率还能根据园区用电负荷动态调节。

工厂背后还有一个智慧能碳平台,用AI大模型计算最优策略:绿电优先还是成本优先,可精确计量、一键切换。如今,这家企业多项核心指标达到国家级零碳工厂建设要求。

减碳助力

企业产值增两成用电少两成

上海金山一家电缆厂,主要生产各类电缆产品,是传统耗能大户。

然而近五年,企业产值增加20%,年用电量却从5000多万度降到4000多万度,每年节省电费近千万元。负责人周桂华介绍,以前电费占产值比例1%,现在0.4%。

从源头降碳到过程脱碳,企业精打细算“技改账”。

第一站,在屋顶。厂区屋顶铺满的光伏板,一年能发500多万度电,占全厂用电超10%。

第二站,在锅炉。天然气锅炉是厂里的碳排大户,工厂通过技改,将原来6吨锅炉替换为1吨和0.5吨的小锅炉,每年减排二氧化碳超2000吨。

第三站,在核心工序。将8mm粗的铜杆拉细成0.2mm的铜丝,拉丝过程长达12小时,是全厂最费电的工序。通过节能设备改造,新拉丝机能耗下降了约30%。

产值向上,能耗向下。多年来,全厂累计11项技改,共节约能量超5000吨标煤,温室气体减少4000多吨。

工厂还做了产品碳足迹认证,“从摇篮到大门”每公里电线电缆产生的二氧化碳清清楚楚。

目前,工厂最头疼的是国家级零碳工厂“物理绿电认定量35%”的目标。屋顶光伏铺到极限,物理绿电占比刚过10%的基本线,距离35%目标线差距较大。

这也是上海绝大多数制造企业面临的共同难题:土地空间受限,难以扩建新能源设施。面对企业的“绿电焦虑”,上海市节能中心等部门正在规划建立AI系统,利用智能微网,推进区域内企业间绿电资源的合理匹配。

零碳工厂不是一家企业的单打独斗,而是政府、企业、全产业链的协同推进。当500家零碳工厂在中国次第落成,这场绿色变革,才刚刚拉开序幕。

(央视财经)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 上海市节能中心等部门规划的AI智能微网将在未来1-2年内建成并推动区域企业绿电资源合理匹配

    Likely · Within months

  • 随着更多企业采用涡流发生器、主动回馈整流单元等节能技术,制造业单位产值能耗将继续下降

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 区域绿电匹配的AI智能微网何时建成并投入运行?
  • 上海金山电缆厂如何突破土地限制提升物理绿电占比?
  • 全国范围内零碳工厂建设的标准执行和监督机制是什么?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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