“十五五”时期需着力夯实先进制造根基,聚力攻克关键核心技术,持续做强产业创新生态
文章指出先进制造业是培育新质生产力的主战场。“十五五”时期需着力夯实先进制造根基,攻克关键核心技术,保持制造业合理比重,加快推进智能制造与绿色低碳转型,筑牢现代化产业体系骨干。
AI-generated summary
先进制造业作为现代化产业体系的骨干,在“十五五”时期面临从规模扩张向质量效益提升转变的关键阶段。
作为培育新质生产力的主战场,先进制造业一头牵引传统产业迭代升级,一头促进未来产业蓬勃生长,为经济发展注入澎湃动能。多年来,我国先进制造业在规模体量、产业结构、科技创新、产业融合上实现全方位突破,稳稳筑牢现代化产业体系的骨干。
先进制造业的比拼,短期看产品产能,中长期看的是产业基础、创新转化能力与产业生态的综合实力。“十五五”时期,仍需着力夯实先进制造根基,聚力攻克关键核心技术,持续做强产业创新生态,加快发展先进制造业,为中国式现代化提供坚实产业支撑。
攻克薄弱环节
先进制造业是制造业中创新最活跃、成果最丰富的领域,也是价值链上高利润、高附加值的领域,是融合新技术、新材料、新管理模式的高端制造体系。
国研新经济研究院创始院长朱克力表示,在取得长足进步的同时,先进制造业仍面临深层次瓶颈。
首要短板在于产业基础能力仍有薄弱环节,部分高端材料、精密元器件、工业基础软件、先进制造工艺存在卡点,原始创新供给不足,基础研究投入占比和发达国家仍有差距,不少创新成果停留在实验室,中试转化链条不畅,产学研协同转化效率有待提升。
其次是结构性矛盾突出,低端同质化竞争依然存在,部分新兴赛道容易一哄而上,造成阶段性产能过剩。人才供给存在错配,高端研发人才、复合型数字技能工匠缺口较大,人才培养体系和产业真实需求脱节。
此外,企业转型成本偏高,大量中小企业资金有限,数字化、绿色化改造投入压力大,投入回报周期偏长。外部层面,地缘博弈加剧,全球产业链重构,高端技术、设备出口受限,国际标准、知识产权竞争日趋激烈,对产业链供应链安全稳定带来持续挑战。
“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期,要加快构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系,着力提升先进制造能力。工业和信息化部副部长辛国斌表示,将加快发展新一代智能制造,促进制造业“智改数转网联”,建设智能工厂和高标准数字园区。推动工业绿色低碳转型,积极稳妥推进和实现工业领域碳达峰。促进先进制造业与现代服务业深度融合,加快培育平台化设计、个性化定制等新模式新业态,创新发展服务型制造。
保持合理比重
发展先进制造业,既要稳住实体经济底盘,防止制造业比重持续过快下降;也要聚力培育新产业新赛道,壮大先进制造业集群。
辛国斌表示,“十五五”期间,将加快发展先进制造业,保持制造业合理比重,进一步提升发展质量和效益。推进工艺技术攀升和产品质量跃升,加强品牌建设。推动生产要素创新性配置,促进制造业向“微笑曲线”两端延伸。坚持“产业出题、科技答题”,加强公共技术服务平台、中试平台等载体建设,促进原始技术加快走向中试、实现规模化应用。落实深化改革重点任务,加强规划引领、标准规范、政策保障,深化高水平开放合作,营造良好的产业生态。
与此同时,抢抓产业变革机遇,加快打造一批新兴支柱产业。纵深推进重大技术装备攻关和产业基础再造工程实施,全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。聚焦新一代信息技术、智能网联新能源汽车、机器人等新兴产业重点领域,打造一批引领新兴产业发展的标杆。
加快转型升级
“十五五”时期,要坚持创新驱动、绿色引领与存量升级协同发力,推动先进制造与产业升级双向奔赴。
“人工智能+制造”要加出新速度、新高度、新成效。需筑牢技术底座,加快研发高端训练芯片、多模态算法等关键技术,攻关类脑智能、世界模型等前沿技术,推进人形机器人、脑机接口等智能终端迭代,挖掘落地场景。
统筹推进产业绿色化和绿色产业化。“十五五”时期,我国将培育建设500家零碳工厂,打造一批可复制、可推广的建设模式。推动钢铁、有色、石化化工等传统行业原料燃料替代、产品结构优化、低碳技术集成。分类施策推动再生资源、大宗工业固废、新型固废综合利用。强化以标准提升绿色工厂、绿色供应链、绿色工业园区培育质量,到“十五五”末,各级绿色工厂产值占规模以上制造业总产值比重要力争达到45%。
工业和信息化部规划司司长姚珺表示,“十五五”时期,将通过深化制造业新型技术改造城市试点,强化技术创新、设备更新、模式焕新,大力推动以提升质量效益为目标、以数智技术和绿色低碳技术应用为重点的新型技术改造,推动传统产业智能化、绿色化、融合化发展。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
“十五五”末各级绿色工厂产值占规模以上制造业总产值比重力争达到45%
Likely · Within months
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