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Back朝“问”健康丨药物“空腹、饭前、饭后”吃有何不同?服药时机有讲究
朝“问”健康丨药物“空腹、饭前、饭后”吃有何不同?服药时机有讲究
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

朝“问”健康丨药物“空腹、饭前、饭后”吃有何不同?服药时机有讲究

Quick Look

国家卫生健康委新闻发布会上,专家解答药物服用时间问题:空腹、饭前、饭后服药有不同作用,强调需遵医嘱服药,警告自行使用抑酸药可能带来健康风险,并提醒情绪波动易引发肠胃不适,反复发作需就医排除肠易激综合征。

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Why It Matters

国家卫生健康委新闻发布会邀请医药专家就日常用药中的常见问题进行科普,涉及药物服用时间、胃肠道不适应对以及抑酸药的正确使用等内容。

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朝“问”健康丨药物“空腹、饭前、饭后”吃有何不同?服药时机有讲究

日常生活中服用药物时,您有没有注意到药品说明书中的“空腹、饭前、饭后”提示?服药的时间会不会影响药物吸收?在昨天召开的国家卫生健康委新闻发布会上,有关专家就此进行了解答。

服药时机有讲究 空腹饭前饭后要分清

北京大学第三医院主任药师 赵荣生:

空腹服用指餐前1小时或餐后2小时,此时胃内食物较少,有利于一些药物快速、充分吸收,达到有效血药浓度,起到治疗的作用,比如部分抑酸药、抗菌药物。

饭前服用是指餐前15到30分钟,此时胃内仅有少量食物,可让药物提前和胃壁有一个作用,减少食物对药物吸收的干扰,比如部分胃药。

饭后服用指餐后30分钟到1小时,适用于一些对胃黏膜刺激较大的药物,食物可以起到一定缓冲作用,减轻胃痛、胃部不适,如部分解热镇痛药、抗炎药。

另外,一日两次通常可早晚各服用一次,一日三次严格来说应尽量均匀间隔,如果不小心漏服药物,应视时间灵活处理。如果距离原定服药时间不久,可及时补服;如果已经临近下一次正常服药时间,则跳过漏服的一次,按原计划服用下一次正常剂量,切勿补服双倍剂量。

情绪波动易扰肠胃 反复发作需及时就医

不少人在焦虑、压力大时,容易出现胃痛、腹泻等肠胃不适症状,同时对食物、气体等正常刺激也更加敏感。出现这类症状,应该如何应对?发布会上,专家也进行了提示。

首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院主任医师 宗晔:

第一,当症状发作的时候,先让自己放松下来。可以通过散步、听音乐或者与朋友聊天,让自己缓解焦虑的情绪。饮食一些清淡、容易消化的食物,忌辛辣、刺激、高脂的食物。

第二,如果症状反复出现,应该找一找诱因,这个时候建议做一个生活的小笔记,如果找到了规律,我们避免。

专家提醒,如果长期反复发作,要考虑肠易激综合征。症状明显时应到消化内科就诊;如果同时存在明显焦虑、抑郁等情绪问题,建议配合专业心理治疗。

喝粥未必养胃 抑酸药不宜自行服用

此外,日常生活中有不少人在出现反酸、烧心等症状时就会吃抑酸药来缓解,或者靠喝粥来养胃。专家表示,这两类方法都存在误区。

首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院主任医师 宗晔:“喝粥养胃”并不适合所有人,对于反复发作反酸、烧心的人,喝粥反而可能诱导出相应的症状,所以这并不是一个通用的养胃方式。

专家表示,反酸、烧心并不一定都是“胃酸太多”,抑酸药应根据病情规范使用,不宜自行随意服用。

宗晔:大家用得比较多的是一种抑酸药,也就是奥美拉唑这类强有力的质子泵抑制剂。这类药有强的抑制胃酸的作用,缓解我们胃部的症状非常明显,所以在平时大家可能也会常用。但是这类药一定要在医生的指导下使用,首先如果反复出现反酸、烧心,我们应该就诊,明确是不是由于胃食管反流病所引起来的症状。如果需要长期服用这类药,那一定要警惕可能会出现钙、维生素B12等营养素的吸收障碍或者胃肠道感染,甚至肺部感染的潜在威胁。

(央视新闻客户端)

Open Questions

  • 不同人群(如老年人、孕妇)是否有特殊的服药时间建议?
  • 哪些具体药物必须严格空腹或饭后服用?
  • 长期使用抑酸药导致的营养吸收障碍有哪些可逆的干预措施?

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