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Back進まぬ是正「看過し難い」 合区後の10年、重く判断―1票の格差訴訟
進まぬ是正「看過し難い」 合区後の10年、重く判断―1票の格差訴訟
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時事通信2 hours agoPolitics2 min readJapanView translation

進まぬ是正「看過し難い」 合区後の10年、重く判断―1票の格差訴訟

Quick Look

最高裁大法廷は11日、参院選の「1票の格差」について、合区導入後の最大3.13倍を「もはや看過し難い」として違憲状態と判断し、国会に是正を強く求めた。合区解消論が活発化する中、次回選挙に間に合わせる立法措置が求められる。

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Why It Matters

参院選の「1票の格差」は、合区が導入された2016年選挙以降、最大3倍程度に縮小したが、その後是正が進まなかった。最高裁は13年選挙の最大格差4.77倍を違憲状態と判断し、国会は公選法改正を実施。16年選挙では3.08倍となり合憲とされたが、22年選挙を合憲とした判決で格差是正を「喫緊の課題」と位置付けた。

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参院選の「1票の格差」は、合区が導入された2016年選挙以降、最大3倍程度に縮小したが、その後是正が進まなかった。11日の最高裁判決は、国会の議論が約10年間進展しなかった点を重く捉え、「もはや看過し難い」として是正を強く求めた。

昨年参院選は「違憲状態」3.13倍、合区後初―「1票の格差」判決・最高裁大法廷

最高裁が直近で違憲状態の判断を示したのは、最大格差が4.77倍だった13年選挙だ。これを受け、国会は「鳥取・島根」「徳島・高知」の2合区を含め、定数を10増10減する公選法改正を実施。16年選挙では格差が3.08倍となり、最高裁は格差縮小を評価して合憲とし、19年選挙も判断を維持した。

ただ、22年選挙を合憲とした最高裁判決は、格差是正を「喫緊の課題」と位置付け、国会に法改正を強く促した。今回の判決はこれを引用した上で、合区導入から約10年がたつのに議論が停滞し、さらなる是正策の見通しが立っていない点を問題視。違憲状態との結論を導いた。

合区を巡っては、対象県での投票率低下などから、国会では解消論が活発化している。だが、違憲状態と判断した林道晴裁判官は補足意見で、「合区の解消を検討するのであれば、格差是正のための何らかの方策を導入することが不可欠なのに、具体的な検討はされていない」と述べ、国会の議論に疑問を呈した。

一方、合憲とした裁判官のうち今崎幸彦長官ら4人は、民意集約の形を変える決断・選択になるため、結論にはかなりの時間と議論が避けられないと理解を示した。ただ、既に相当期間議論が積み重ねられ、結論を出すべき時期に至っているとして、「次回選挙に間に合わせる立法措置が求められる」と期限を区切って是正を促した。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 国会が次回参院選に間に合わせるための公選法改正を行う

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 国会が具体的にどのような是正策を導入するか
  • 次回選挙までに法改正が完了するか
  • 合区解消の是非と、それに伴う格差是正策の具体的内容

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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