
全国统一大市场建设推动市场设施高标准联通,嘉陵江航运效率显著提升
川渝两地打破部门壁垒,建立嘉陵江跨省市联合调度机制,船闸申报简化为一次,待闸时长下降50%,航运综合成本下降44%,2025年四川段过闸货运量超过前三年总和。
AI-generated summary
嘉陵江是长江第二大支流,全线通航后曾出现航运通而不畅的问题,16座船闸各管各的、信息不能共享,导致船舶需经过16次检查,待闸时间长。
推动市场设施高标准联通,是全国统一大市场建设的重要举措。长江第二大支流嘉陵江,一度出现航运通而不畅的难题。如何依托全国统一大市场建设,让黄金水道释放出更大效益?来看记者的一线调研。
当记者来到嘉陵江上游的四川广元港时,这里一片繁忙景象。
货车司机 赵华军:现在一天拉个三趟、四趟,搞不赢了(搞不过来)。
而在几年前,广元港还门可罗雀。一些货主宁可舍近求远走公路运输,也不愿走嘉陵江。
船长 李茂强:有时候开在待闸区里面,等半个月都过不了,挺恼火的。
既然已全线通航,船为什么还是跑不起来呢?
总台央视记者 张艺瑾:这里是嘉陵江上的一座船闸,因为这里上下游的水位落差比较大,船舶必须像这样逐级升降,才能顺利通过。在整个一千多公里的嘉陵江干流上,这样的船闸总共有16座。以前,由于船闸之间数据打不通,过16级船闸的话,就要经过16次船舶检查。
每座船闸,除了通航,还有防洪灌溉、水力发电等功能。负责协调船舶通航的唐大卫,给记者画了一张流程图。由于船闸受川渝两地不同部门管理,安排船只过闸,光是收集水位、船情这些信息,就得16座船闸挨个问一遍,然后还得逐一向两地水利、能源等主管部门征求意见。
重庆市合川航道管理处副处长 唐大卫:他们有可能给我们否了,否了之后,又重新来循环一遍。
重庆市交通运输委员会港航管理处处长 谭毅:我们这个十几个梯级,其实也投了一两百个亿在里面,说实话就没有发挥出航运的优势,我们觉得会比较痛心。
痛定思痛,川渝两地主管部门下定决心、打破壁垒。过去16级船闸各管各的、信息不能共享。改革的第一步,就瞄准打通数据,建立统一的信息平台,原本分散在不同运营单位的航道、水文和船闸数据,实现了实时共享。船只通过16道船闸,只需要申报一次。
然而新的问题又出现了。由于发电和通航对水位有不同的需求,船到闸不开的现象依然频发,在亭子口枢纽,甚至有的船一等就是七天。
中国大唐四川亭子口公司运维部运行值长 刘磊:航运那边相当于也是属于我们的上级单位,发电这块四川省调也是属于我们上级单位,相当于我们就夹在中间的,不可能每次都能够同时满足。
怎么在保证防洪灌溉和水力发电的同时,提高船舶通航效率?川渝两地的十多个部门坐到一起,商讨建立跨省市联合调度机制。
重庆市交通运输委员会港航管理处处长 谭毅:大家最开始的时候其实是不理解,觉得会对自己的利益受损。
各方用水诉求被摆到桌面上。交通部门测算出每一级库区最低通航水位,水利部门核定河道最小下泄流量,能源部门根据通航需求动态调整发电计划,经过多次反复协商,通航、灌溉和发电用水找到了“最大公约数”,一整套联合调度规程也逐步成形。
中国大唐四川亭子口公司党委书记、董事长 卿晓峰:原来的话就是多头联系,现在不需要,大家都有一张图,可能提前两天,我就知道它要过船,我们就根据我们的计划安排。
随着跨省市、跨部门调度机制日益完善,唐大卫的这张流程图在不断缩短,船舶整体待闸时长也下降了50%。现在,打开手机App,水位、天气、航道图实时可查,行船进度一目了然。
船长 李茂强:现在很方便了,基本上很多闸到了就过。
如今,越来越多的货主和物流公司把原本经由陆路出川的大宗商品,改走嘉陵江水路。
锦丰商贸有限公司西南片区业务主管 陈浩:之前全程铁路运费是340元左右一吨,现在运费大概是315块一吨。一年10万吨的话,就节省250万左右。
这场围绕全国统一大市场建设的改革,带来的红利正沿着嘉陵江一路传导释放。在四川段,过闸货运量创下历史纪录,2025年一年的货运量,就超过了前三年的总和。放眼整个嘉陵江流域,航运企业综合成本下降了44%,建材、煤炭、粮食、矿材等各类货物往来穿梭,黄金水道的潜能正在加速释放。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
嘉陵江航运货运量将继续增长
Likely · Within months
其他流域可能效仿川渝联合调度模式
Possible · Within months

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