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Back韓中FTA生效10年成效慘澹 韓國對中貿易連3年逆差
韓中FTA生效10年成效慘澹 韓國對中貿易連3年逆差
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

韓中FTA生效10年成效慘澹 韓國對中貿易連3年逆差

韓國商品在中國進口市場市佔率縮水近3成,議員痛批當初預期落空且未能提供有效防護。

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韓中自由貿易協定生效滿10年,韓國對中貿易連續3年陷入逆差,累計達361億美元。韓國商品在中國進口市場占有率從10.4%降至7.3%,國會議員批評經濟成長效果僅及預期四分之一。

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Why It Matters

韓中自由貿易協定於2015年生效,雙方原預期可擴大市場並帶動GDP成長。

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韓國對中貿易連續3年陷入逆差。

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕韓中自由貿易協定(FTA)生效滿10年,當年南韓寄望藉此擴大中國市場,如今成績單卻遭自家國會議員痛批「慘澹」。韓聯社27日報導,韓國商品在中國進口市場的占有率,已從2015年的10.4%降至2025年的7.3%,相當於縮水近3成;韓國對中貿易更連3年陷入逆差,累計高達361億美元(約台幣1.15兆)。

韓聯社報導,南韓國會產業通商資源中小風險企業委員會委員、國民力量議員崔秀珍,取得產業通商部2022年發布的《韓中FTA生效5年履行情況評估報告》並進行分析。

韓中FTA於2015年生效。報告顯示,截至2020年,FTA對南韓國內生產毛額(GDP)帶來的額外成長效果,5年累計僅0.13%。

南韓政府原先預估,韓中FTA可創造10年累計0.96%的GDP額外成長效果。崔秀珍據此指出,實際成長效果約只有政府預期的4分之1。

中國市場的表現同樣不樂觀。韓國商品占中國進口市場比重,從2015年的10.4%降至2025年的7.3%,少了3.1個百分點;若以2015年的市占為基準計算,10年間縮水約29.8%,接近3成。

貿易收支更出現巨大逆轉。韓國2023年對中貿易逆差達180億美元(約台幣5724億),2024年逆差69億美元(約台幣2194億),2025年再擴大至112億美元(約台幣3562億),連續3年逆差合計高達361億美元(約台幣1.15兆)。

相較之下,韓國過去曾從中國市場賺取龐大順差。韓聯社此前回顧指出,2018年韓國對中貿易順差一度高達556億美元(約台幣1.77兆);但2023年情勢翻轉,韓國出現1992年韓中建交以來首次對中貿易逆差,昔日龐大的順差優勢已不復見。

除了貨品貿易,韓中FTA後續談判也陷入牛步。雙方在FTA生效時曾宣稱,服務及投資後續談判將在2年內完成,但2018年舉行首次會議後,至今已過8年仍未達成協議。

崔秀珍更直指,韓中FTA不僅沒有帶來當初期待的經濟成長效果,面對中國因南韓部署薩德(THAAD)採取的報復性管制,以及中國對7種稀土相關項目祭出出口管制時,也未能為南韓提供有效防護。

她痛批,韓中FTA走過10年的成績單,只留下「連續3年貿易逆差」、「製造業受損」等「慘澹結果」,要求南韓政府立即敦促中國儘速完成服務、投資後續談判,並強力要求中方消除單方面的非關稅壁壘。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 韓國政府將敦促中國儘速完成服務、投資後續談判

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 後續服務及投資談判何時能重啟?
  • 韓國政府將採取何種具體措施因應對中逆差?

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