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BackLp(a)檢驗揭遺傳風險 心血管健康需全面評估
Lp(a)檢驗揭遺傳風險 心血管健康需全面評估
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自由时报1 hour agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

Lp(a)檢驗揭遺傳風險 心血管健康需全面評估

Quick Look

醫師提醒Lp(a)濃度約9成由先天基因決定,一般血脂檢查未必包含此指標,僅看壞膽固醇無法排除心血管風險。建議成人一生至少檢驗一次Lp(a),發現偏高時應積極控制其他危險因子。台灣血脂及動脈硬化學會將10月4日訂為Lp(a)關注日,健保署已提供符合規定族群的檢驗給付,並推動高血脂醫療給付改善方案。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

Lp(a)是一種遺傳性高度決定的血脂指標,與動脈粥狀硬化及主動脈瓣狹窄風險相關。一般血脂檢查通常不包含Lp(a)測試,導致遺傳風險被低估。

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〔記者羅碧/台北報導〕」血脂正常、飲食規律,也可能藏有心血管風險!醫師提醒,脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]濃度約9成由先天基因決定,一般血脂檢查未必包含這項指標,不能只看壞膽固醇數值就認為沒有風險,呼籲成人一生至少檢驗一次Lp(a),若發現偏高,可及早與醫師討論,積極控制其他心血管危險因子。

69歲黃先生在23年前打羽球時,經常出現胸悶、氣喘,因疼痛位置靠近胃部,起初以為是胃病。太太是營養師,察覺不對勁,堅持陪他到醫院檢查,才發現心血管狹窄,從此開始長期藥物治療。

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治療10多年後,有一天晚上,黃先生躺在床上與太太聊天,突然失去反應。太太立即呼叫兒子協助施行心肺復甦術,並撥打119,及時送醫搶救,挽回一命。直到近期大兒子健檢發現血脂異常,進一步檢驗Lp(a),他也跟著抽血,才發現父子兩人的Lp(a)都偏高。

中華民國血脂及動脈硬化學會理事長劉秉彥指出,Lp(a)是一種在血液中運送脂肪的脂蛋白,結構類似低密度脂蛋白,但外層多了一條特殊的載脂蛋白(a),與動脈粥狀硬化及鈣化性主動脈瓣狹窄風險有關。

劉秉彥表示,Lp(a)濃度約9成由先天基因決定,受後天飲食與生活型態影響較小。檢驗的目的,是找出可能被傳統血脂檢查低估的風險,尤其年紀輕就發生心肌梗塞、反覆出現心血管事件,或有早發心血管疾病家族史者,更應與醫師討論檢驗需要。若一人驗出偏高,父母、子女及兄弟姊妹也可接受評估。

林口長庚紀念醫院心臟內科系醫師黃逸群表示,Lp(a)可能透過促進動脈硬化、引發血管發炎及影響血栓相關機制,增加心血管風險。研究顯示,極端高濃度Lp(a)族群的缺血性中風風險,可達較低濃度者的2倍以上。

不過,驗出Lp(a)偏高,不代表一定會發病。學會秘書長吳懿哲指出,目前還沒有專門針對Lp(a)且已證實能改善心血管預後的藥物,因此現階段重點是更積極管理其他危險因子,包括控制壞膽固醇、血壓與血糖、戒菸,並維持健康生活習慣。

吳懿哲表示,史他汀類藥物仍是降血脂治療的基礎,若壞膽固醇控制未達標,或出現肌肉痠痛等耐受不良問題,應與醫師討論調整治療,可依個別情況評估合併其他口服藥物或針劑。壞膽固醇的控制目標,也須依病史與整體風險訂定。

黃先生說,過去長期服藥,壞膽固醇仍維持在130至150 mg/dL,與醫師討論後,決定自費使用PCSK9抑制劑。治療半年後,壞膽固醇降至70多mg/dL,約減少一半。他盼相關單位持續評估給付條件,讓需要長期治療的病友減輕負擔。

健保署主任秘書劉林義表示,健保已提供經醫師評估有檢驗需要、符合給付規定族群的Lp(a)檢驗。健保署也於2026年初推動高血脂醫療給付改善方案,強化高風險患者的追蹤照護,並於9月1日放寬部分降血脂用藥給付條件,預估約105萬名病友受惠。

學會將每年10月4日訂為台灣「Lp(a)關注日」,並邀健保署、中華民國心臟學會及台灣血脂衛教協會共同響應。劉秉彥提醒,成人一生至少檢驗一次Lp(a),有助及早掌握遺傳風險,再依結果與醫師討論後續管理,讓心血管風險評估更完整。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 健保署將在未來一年內評估擴大Lp(a)檢驗給付對象,特別針對高風險族群。

    Likely · Within months

  • 台灣血脂及動脈硬化學會將持續推動Lp(a)關注日活動,提高民眾對此遺傳風險的認識。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • Lp(a)檢驗的全民給付範圍將如何擴大?
  • 是否有新藥物開發專門針對Lp(a)降低?
  • PCSK9抑制劑的長期給付政策何時會定案?

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