
该项创新成果在《自然·光子学》发表,单个存储点可区分1024种状态
上海理工大学顾敏、张启明教授团队研发出单光束多维光存储技术,通过提升单个存储点的信息容量至10 bit,使DVD尺寸介质理论容量达0.4 Pb,并攻克了复杂双光束协同的系统难题。
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传统光存储主要依赖二进制(0和1)记录,容量提升通常依靠缩小记录点或增加层数。该研究通过引入灰度维度,使单个记录点能承载10 bit信息。
中新网上海9月29日电 (记者 许婧)上海理工大学智能科技学院顾敏教授、张启明教授团队自主研发了单光束多维光存储技术,使单个三维存储点能够区分1024种状态,对应10 bit信息容量,并实现高速写入和宽场并行读取。DVD尺寸介质的理论存储容量可达约0.4 Pb,数据读取可靠性超过99.99%。
该项创新成果29日在国际学术期刊《自然·光子学》上发表。
“传统的二进制存储,一个记录单元通常只有‘0’和‘1’两种状态,而我们的技术让一个记录单元拥有1024种可区分状态。”张启明解释,“过去需要多个记录单元共同承载的信息,现在可以通过提高单个记录点的信息容量来完成。这样,光存储提升容量就不再只能依靠不断缩小记录点或增加存储层数,还可以通过让‘一个点存更多信息’开辟新的空间。”
一张8K超高清图像包含约3300万个像素。以8 bit灰度图像为例,一个像素有256种灰度取值。如果每个存储单元只能记录“0”或“1”,就需要8个这样的单元保存一个像素的灰度信息;而如果一个记录点能够区分1024种状态,就可以承载10 bit信息。也就是说,一个10 bit存储点在完成原有8 bit灰度信息存储后,多出的2 bit信息还可为原位光学人工智能训练提供附加编码空间。未来若将信息记录与光学计算功能结合,使同一单元兼具存储与计算能力,有望实现“零距离存算一体化”。
实现Pb级超高密度光存储,传统超分辨技术路线往往需要双束光协同完成写入和读取,由此带来精密配准、稳定控制等系统难题。团队此次以单束单色光分别完成写入和读取,攻克了Pb级超高密度存储中复杂双光束协同带来的系统难题,打破了高容量光存储对双光束读写架构的依赖。在此基础上,高速扫描写入与宽场并行读取进一步提升了数据通量,为Pb级乃至更大容量光存储的高速化、集成化和规模化应用打开了新的技术空间。
从8K图像延伸到人工智能训练数据、科研数据和医学影像,冷数据的规模还将持续增长。面对这类海量信息,衡量存储能力的不应只是“能存多少”,还要看容量如何获得,以及数据能否被高效存取。团队将灰度引入新的信息维度,使单个记录点能够承载10 bit信息,容量提升从“增加记录点数量”拓展到“提升每个记录点的信息量”。Pb级乃至更高容量,正是这种多维信息承载能力进一步扩展的结果。在现有0.4 Pb基础上,若进一步将层间距由5μm压缩至1μm,并将灰阶编码拓展至万级,理论容量有望提升至约20 Pb。结合单光束读写和高速并行访问,该技术也为海量冷数据的高容量、高通量存储提供了新的技术路径。
顾敏表示:“面向未来海量数据存储,Pb容量并不是唯一衡量指标。真正走向应用,不仅要能够承载更多信息,还要兼顾读写速度、系统复杂度和设备集成能力。此次研究从信息维度和读写架构两个方面拓展了光存储的发展路径,为Pb级乃至更高容量光存储进一步走向工程化和产业化创造了条件。”

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