Back傳馬斯克Terafab正與台積電洽談合作 魏哲家「沒有捷徑」再度受關注
傳馬斯克Terafab正與台積電洽談合作 魏哲家「沒有捷徑」再度受關注
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness6 min readChinaView translation

傳馬斯克Terafab正與台積電洽談合作 魏哲家「沒有捷徑」再度受關注

獨立媒體爆料台積電評估協助馬斯克德州Terafab計畫,外媒分析凸顯先進晶片製造殘酷現實。

Quick Look

獨立媒體爆料台積電正與馬斯克洽談合作,協助其德州Terafab晶圓廠計畫。馬斯克證實雙方處於討論階段。此舉凸顯先進晶片製造的現實,也讓先前與英特爾的合作及美國政府持股角色變得微妙。

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Why It Matters

馬斯克旗下企業推動Terafab晶圓廠計畫,先前曾規劃採用英特爾14A先進製程。台積電董事長魏哲家曾強調晶圓代工領域沒有捷徑。

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獨立媒體Culpium創辦人高燦鳴(Tim Culpan)爆料指出,台積電評估與馬斯克合作,協助他在德州打造的Terafab晶圓廠計畫。對此傳聞,馬斯克回應,「僅在討論階段,但或許事情會有進展」,引發市場關注。由於Terafab原本已找上英特爾,規劃採用14A先進製程,而美國政府更持有英特爾近1成股權。如今馬斯克仍找上台積電,外媒分析,背後凸顯先進晶片製造的殘酷現實。而且,台積電董事長魏哲家早在5個多月前就說過一句話:「晶圓代工領域沒有捷徑可走。」

馬斯克旗下Tesla、SpaceX與xAI對人工智慧(AI)算力需求快速膨脹,為掌握晶片供應,馬斯克推動規模龐大的Terafab計畫,希望建立涵蓋邏輯晶片、記憶體與先進封裝的半導體製造能力。

如今Terafab可能迎來重量級合作夥伴。馬斯克日前在社群平台X證實,正與台積電討論合作,並表示目前「只是討論,但可能會有結果」。

科技媒體《Tom's Hardware》報導,目前浮上檯面的合作構想至少有A、B兩套方案。「Plan A」由台積電扮演主導角色,台積電將持有並營運新的晶片製造廠,SpaceX或Terafab則可能提供資金、承諾採購一定數量晶片,或兩者兼具。

報導指出,這種模式與台積電在日本及德國的合資布局具有相似之處,由合作夥伴提供資金及需求,台積電則負責製程技術與晶圓廠營運能力。

「Plan B」則讓馬斯克掌握更大的主導權,由SpaceX持有Terafab多數股權,台積電僅持有少數股權,但仍由台積電提供製程技術及晶圓廠營運專業。報導認為,若最終採取這種架構,對台積電而言將是一種前所未見的合作模式。

不過,目前A、B方案都還在討論階段,並未拍板,未來也不排除出現其他合作方式。兩套方案背後卻有一個明顯共同點:不論工廠最後由誰持有、誰投入較多資金,Terafab看上的都是台積電多年累積的先進製程及晶圓廠營運能力,這也凸顯馬斯克自建晶片供應鏈必須面對的現實。

報導分析,馬斯克真正追求的,未必是把Terafab打造為另一家與台積電、英特爾或三星競爭的晶圓代工公司,而是確保Tesla、SpaceX及xAI能取得充足、不間斷的客製化晶片供應。因此,只要能達成這項目標,馬斯克對於晶圓廠由誰持有、由誰營運,甚至採用哪一家製程,都可能保持相當大的彈性。

值得一提的是,今年4月,英特爾宣布加入Terafab計畫後,外資曾在台積電法說會直接詢問魏哲家,特斯拉自建晶圓廠並與英特爾合作,是否將對台積電造成影響。

魏哲家當時表示,特斯拉與英特爾都是台積電客戶,英特爾更是強勁對手,台積電絕不低估任何競爭者,但他隨即強調,「晶圓代工領域沒有捷徑可走」,技術領先、卓越製造、客戶信任以及服務,都是台積電的競爭優勢。

魏哲家當時更點出晶片製造的時間門檻,興建一座新晶圓廠需要2至3年,之後產能爬坡還需要1至2年,因此不只晶圓代工沒有捷徑,就連擴充產能也沒有捷徑。

如今不到半年,原本規劃自建龐大晶片產能、並導入英特爾14A製程的Terafab,卻開始與台積電洽談合作,甚至討論由台積電提供製程及晶圓廠營運能力,也讓魏哲家當初「沒有捷徑」的說法再度受到關注。

這也讓英特爾的角色變得微妙。馬斯克今年4月才宣布,Terafab計畫採用英特爾14A製程。若順利推進,Terafab有望成為14A極具指標性的重量級客戶,對力拚重振晶圓代工業務的英特爾而言意義重大。

而且,美國政府本身就是英特爾的大股東。川普政府2025年斥資89億美元取得英特爾約9.9%股權,直接押注這家美國本土晶片製造商。然而,政府可以投入資金支持英特爾,真正的客戶最終仍必須考量製程技術與量產能力。

報導指出,如果台積電最終進入Terafab、負責晶圓廠營運並導入自家製程,原本規劃的英特爾14A可能因此失去位置;不過另一種可能性,是Terafab仍使用英特爾14A製造晶片,再由台積電提供先進封裝等服務。

報導還點出另一項潛在考量,即專利問題。英特爾與台積電之間擁有廣泛的交叉專利授權,但Terafab本身並沒有相同安排。若Terafab使用英特爾開發的製程自行生產晶片,未來如何避開相關智慧財產權風險,也是必須考量的問題。因此,報導認為,馬斯克有理由讓台積電保持在Terafab的合作圈內。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 台積電與Terafab合作方案將進一步明朗化

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 台積電與Terafab最終會選擇A方案或B方案?
  • 英特爾14A製程是否會被台積電取代?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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