
北京试图推动人民币国际化但拒绝放弃资本管控;同时,人工智能在情报领域的风险引发国际关注。
《南德意志报》分析称,中国欲提升人民币国际地位却拒绝放松资本管控,形成核心矛盾。此外,《日报》评论指出,人工智能在情报领域的潜在误判风险凸显了建立国际监管机制的紧迫性。
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中国寻求通过金砖国家推动人民币结算以降低对美元依赖。同时,人工智能在军事和情报领域的应用引发了关于安全风险的国际讨论。
《南德意志报》评论写道,按照北京的美好设想,未来各国应越来越多的使用人民币结算国际贸易,并降低全球金融体系对美元的依赖。但与此同时,北京却又不肯放松对本国货币的严格控制,而这也正是人民币走向世界的核心障碍。这篇题为《中国控制下的世界货币》的评论写道:
“对于一个希望走向世界的货币而言,严格的政府管控当然是一个问题。毕竟,任何人如果投资人民币,他都要确保将来能够自由支配这笔资金。然而,北京却希望两者兼得:既要提升人民币的国际地位,又要保持对人民币的严格掌控。这一思路的深层逻辑早已超越了单纯货币政策的范畴。多年来,中国一直在呼吁建立多极世界,即不应由一个大国主导世界,而是由多股力量共同参与。北京当然也希望将这一全球政治理念贯穿至全球金融体系之中。
中国央行总裁潘功胜曾对此有过具体的描述。他呼吁建立一个‘多极化国际货币体系’,让多种强势货币共同存在并相互制衡。不难看出,这一建议的矛头显然直指美元。在北京看来,当今的金融秩序存在一个设计缺陷:世界货币竟是一个单一国家的货币,而这个国家恰恰又是中国地缘政治层面上的最强劲对手。
中国对美元主导地位的挑战,目的倒并不是要用人民币取代美元。对北京来说,只要能降低全球金融体系对美元的高度依赖就已经足够了。北京希望其他国家能够更多地使用人民币进行贸易结算、以人民币获得贷款、将人民币作为储备货币,并使用人民币进行支付,从而省去每次都以美元进行换算的环节。
为此目的,中国已经获得了一个绝佳的试验场:即包括中国、俄罗斯、巴西和印度在内的金砖国家。一周前,金砖国家在印度新德里举行了峰会。以欧元为样板,发行金砖货币并不是此次峰会的议题,但各方讨论的重点却恰恰符合中国的努力方向:推动以金砖各国货币结算的多边贸易,并改善各国支付系统之间的关联运作。”
“中国希望世界信任人民币,但却不肯将人民币交付给世界”
《南德意志报》的评论指出,尽管人民币在金砖国家以及全球金融体系中的地位已经有所提升,但在全球支付和各国央行储备中的占比仍然很低,与美元这一世界货币相比,人民币仍有巨大的差距:
“对资本流动以及对汇率进行严格管控,仍然是北京绝不动摇的方针。几个月前,挂靠人民币的稳定币为提升中国货币的境外吸引力提供了新的可能性。然而,监管部门随即采取行动,未经许可在海外发行稳定币已被叫停。也就是说,人民币的国际化进程当然要继续推进,但必须按照北京的剧本进行。而这也正是中国模式的局限性所在。
世界货币之所以有吸引力,是因为投资者确信这种货币可以随时进行跨越国境的买卖。而中国却是反其道而行之:既想让人民币成为可以自由兑换的世界货币,却又不想放弃对人民币的全面控制。也就是说,中国希望世界能够信任人民币,但却绝不肯将人民币交付给世界。”
“对人工智能进行管控已经刻不容缓”
CNN此前援引多个消息人士的话报道称,伊朗战争初期,一份由人工智能协助完成的错误情报险些导致美军冲上一艘中国船只。若不是指挥官及时发现,这场误会甚至可能引发中美间的军事冲突。《日报》就此发表评论写道:
“CNN发表上述报道之际,一场有关人工智能将对人类构成威胁的讨论正在进行,而中美两国领导人本周四即将举行的会晤中,人工智能也将是议题之一。中美两大国都希望成为人工智能领域的全球霸主,也正因为如此,两国政府都不愿放慢人工智能的研发进度,更不愿引入对人工智能的共同管控机制,或者说他们至少不想让本国受到任何限制。
而CNN报道带给人们的启示恰恰是,对人工智能进行管控已经是刻不容缓。必须尽可能降低人工智能的风险,尽可能增大其透明度,并对其实施民主监督。然而,令人遗憾的是,情报机构几乎不可能会这样做。同样,专制统治下的中国、日益专制化的特朗普以及几乎不受控制的高科技公司,也都不会这样做。尽管如此,除了呼吁加强对人工智能的监管,我们已经别无选择。”

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