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Back琉璃河遗坝遗址怎样讲述北京考古故事?
琉璃河遗坝遗址怎样讲述北京考古故事?
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中国新闻网1 hour agoCulture4 min readChinaView translation

琉璃河遗坝遗址怎样讲述北京考古故事?

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北京市考古研究院院长张中华接受中新社专访,介绍琉璃河遗址作为西周燕国始封地和早期都城的考古意义,阐述从贵族墓葬到城址布局和平民遗存研究的转变,介绍琉璃河遗址考古研究联盟成立一年来的成果,包括出版发掘报告、开展大规模考古勘探发现近5000处遗迹、推动多学科考古融合、举办国际田野考古学校培养国际学生、签订国际合作协议及推动中英双语科普丛书等工作,强调考古在遗址保护、申遗及公众传播中的基础作用。

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Why It Matters

琉璃河遗址位于北京房山区,是西周时期燕国的始封地和早期都城,自20世纪60年代以来持续进行考古发掘,已发现大量建筑遗址、墓葬、灰坑等遗存,是研究北京建城史和早期城市发展的重要遗址。2025年成立琉璃河遗址考古研究联盟,推动考古报告出版、多学科研究及国际合作。

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中新社北京9月26日电 题:琉璃河遗址怎样讲述北京考古故事?

——专访北京市考古研究院院长张中华

中新社记者 徐婧

2026北京文化论坛日前在北京举行。去年论坛上成立了琉璃河遗址考古研究联盟,一年来联盟有哪些研究成果?当前遗址的考古研究工作处于什么阶段?中新社“东西问”专访北京市考古研究院院长张中华,围绕琉璃河遗址的遗产价值、考古进展及国际合作等进行探讨。

现将访谈实录摘要如下:

中新社记者:琉璃河遗址实证北京三千余年建城史,被称为“北京城之源”。您如何概括琉璃河遗址当下的定位?过去人们更多关注高等级贵族墓葬,现在越来越重视城址布局、平民遗存等,这一变化意味着什么?

张中华:琉璃河遗址是西周时期燕国的始封地和早期都城,是中国在西周考古史上发现的少数同时并存诸侯国城址和诸侯墓地的遗址。在北京,琉璃河遗址是考古发现的“最早的城”,实证了北京三千多年的建城史,也是北京少有的大遗址。经过多年的持续考古发掘,工作正在转向考古、保护、展示和利用并重的阶段,成为北京在考古领域开展国际交流的重要平台。

考古学的根本目标是复原古代社会面貌。过去贵族墓葬受到更多关注,往往是因为出土物的等级更高、更稀少,但考古更讲究聚落布局和城市格局的研究,只有了解一座城市如何选址、规划、营建以及划分功能区,才能复原这座城市。作为社会生活的主流,平民生活的重要性不言而喻。

近年来,琉璃河遗址考古加大对建筑遗址、灰坑、平民墓葬等遗存的发掘和研究力度,完善了对西周基层社会组织结构的认识,相关考古成果也逐步向公众展示,让三千年前燕国“普通人”的生活图景走进大众视野。

从关注高等级贵族墓葬到重视城址布局和平民遗存,这一变化说明公众对考古学的理解越来越深入。大家更多关注其科学价值、历史价值,有利于考古学界更加重视聚落布局及其和环境的关系,整体把握古代社会的情况。

2025年9月4日,“太保墉燕——房山琉璃河遗址专题展”在首都博物馆展出。中新社发 郭俊锋 摄

中新社记者:一年来,琉璃河遗址考古研究联盟有何成果?琉璃河已进入申遗前期工作,考古、国家考古遗址公园建设、申遗三者是何关系?

张中华:琉璃河遗址的考古工作从20世纪60年代持续至今。20世纪90年代中后期开展的第三次大规模考古发掘取得了重大收获,实证了琉璃河遗址为西周时期的封地;厘清了琉璃河遗址城墙夯筑工艺、护城河与城垣的布局关系;还原了西周诸侯国都邑的营建规制等。

2025北京文化论坛期间,琉璃河遗址考古研究联盟成立。联盟协同推进琉璃河遗址考古报告的编写工作,近期出版的《琉璃河发掘报告(1995-1997)》公布了这一时期所获取的发掘资料,是联盟工作的代表性成果。

一年来,琉璃河遗址还开展了历史上规模最大的考古勘探,目前新发现各类遗迹近5000处,包括墓葬、灰坑等,有助于厘清遗址的内涵与构成,更好指导下一步考古工作计划的编制以及遗址公园建设。

随着自然科学进步和学科理念发展,考古工作越来越注重多学科的综合运用,动物考古、植物考古、冶金考古、环境考古、分子生物学等共同应用于发掘和研究过程中,能够获取更多信息,更好复原古代社会面貌。

在此背景下,《考古科学》应运而生。这是北京市第一本考古学科期刊,创刊号中多篇稿件围绕琉璃河遗址的考古勘探、聚落结构、科技考古等展开论述。2026北京文化论坛期间,《考古科学》创刊号正式对公众发布。

考古工作必须贯穿于大遗址保护与考古遗址公园建设始终。考古在遗址公园建设和申遗前期工作中处于先行地位,为遗址的保护、展示、利用和研究提供科学依据和支撑。遗址公园建设和申遗对考古工作提出更高要求,也能促进琉璃河考古研究的进步。

2021年12月7日,北京琉璃河遗址考古发掘现场,考古工作人员正在清理墓葬。中新社记者 易海菲 摄

中新社记者:琉璃河国际田野考古学校已连续举办三届,为什么在此开办国际考古学校?如何用国际听得懂的语言讲述北京考古故事?

张中华:作为北京地区大遗址的代表,琉璃河能体现中国考古的技术和研究水平,本身有着较高的国际影响力,并设有考古工作站,能为国际学生的学习和生活提供充足保障。目前,中国仅在杨官寨、盘龙城、琉璃河三处遗址举办过国际田野考古学校。

学校旨在通过琉璃河遗址的田野考古实践,为国际上对中国文物考古研究抱有浓厚兴趣的考古学、人类学等专业学生,提供有关中国考古的知识培训和田野操作技能训练。三年来,已培养十余名国际学生。

2025年7月4日,“2025年琉璃河遗址国际田野考古学校”活动在北京琉璃河考古工作站举行。图为国际学生Kaitlyn Jenkins(右)在发掘现场进行考古工作。 中新社记者 易海菲 摄

用国际上听得懂的语言讲述北京考古故事,首先要拓展合作和传播渠道。今年7月,本院和俄罗斯科学院远东分院历史、考古与民族学研究所签订了《科学与学术合作框架协议》,计划明年联合开展考古调查;《考古科学》内有长英文摘要,便于国际读者阅读。未来,本院将加强与国际机构合作,共同开展考古及研究工作。

考古机构还应拓展供大众学习了解的途径,把对遗址的深入认识“翻译”成普通人看得懂、听得懂的语言。本院将推出“北京考古走出去”系列丛书,第一本就围绕琉璃河遗址展开,计划用中英双语发行;持续打造北京公众考古品牌,及时向社会公布、共享考古发现和研究成果,在兼具深度与温度的传播中,阐明北京在中华文明起源、形成和发展过程中的贡献。

面向未来,琉璃河遗址不仅要美起来,更要活起来,在考古遗址公园建设中,让遗址和当地的自然人文环境充分融合,并让周边居民获益,才能长久永续地保存下去。我们会继续以考古为媒,让琉璃河成为讲述北京城市源流、展示中华文明开放包容、推动中外文明交流互鉴的重要载体。(完)

受访者简介:

张中华。受访者供图

张中华,毕业于西北大学考古学专业,现为北京市考古研究院党总支书记、院长、研究馆员。长期从事北京地区考古与研究工作,曾参与或主持玉河通惠河故道、北京中轴线、琉璃河、圆明园等重要考古发掘项目,专著或合著《北京玉河》《北京考古史清代卷(下)》《北京中轴线考古发掘报告 (2021—2023)》等。曾获北京市哲学社会科学优秀成果奖一等奖、二等奖,首都劳动奖章等。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 琉璃河遗址考古研究联盟将在明年完成与俄罗斯科学院的联合考古调查首阶段工作。

    Likely · Within months

  • 《琉璃河发掘报告(1995-1997)》的出版将促进更多学术机构对该遗址的深入研究。

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 北京市考古研究院将在未来几个月内推出中英双语《北京考古走出去》系列丛书第一本。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 琉璃河遗址申遗进展具体时间表是什么?
  • 国际田野考古学校培训内容具体包括哪些课程?
  • 中英双语《北京考古走出去》丛书出版时间及发行范围?
  • 与俄罗斯科学院的合作考古调查具体何时启动?

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