
前心臟科醫師謝安民解析哈佛醫學院最新突破性研究,探討鋰離子對阿茲海默症早期變化的影響與奧羅酸鋰的潛在療效。
前心臟科醫師謝安民解析哈佛醫學院最新研究指出,阿茲海默症患者大腦中的鋰濃度顯著較低,類澱粉蛋白會捕捉鋰導致大腦缺鋰。研究顯示補充奧羅酸鋰可改善小鼠的阿茲海默症病理變化與記憶喪失,為治療帶來新契機。
AI-generated summary
阿茲海默症由類澱粉蛋白或tau蛋白在腦細胞內沉澱所產生,早期分子變化與環境風險因素尚不明確。
〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕前心臟科醫師謝安民表示,阿茲海默症(下稱AD,Alzheimer’s)是由不正常的蛋白質類澱粉蛋白(Beta amyloid)或tau蛋白(tau protein)在腦細胞內沉澱所產生的。但是在病變早期,腦細胞內的分子變化並不清楚。識別可治療的AD原因需要對導致記憶喪失的致病過程有一個基本的瞭解。
謝安民表示,目前定義AD之基因變體方面取得了重大進展,但是增加AD風險的環境因素以及疾病的發病並不那麼清楚。以前的流行病學研究指出喝含鋰量較多的飲水,有可能降低失智症。不過一些關於「鋰」使用和痴呆症風險的研究尚無定論。
謝安民表示,哈佛大學醫學院的研究團隊想了解阿茲海默症初期的分子變化,及鋰離子對早期變化的影響,他們做了一系列的研究。2025年在自然雜誌(網路版)發表了他們具有突破性潛力的發現。他們的研究包括兩部份:
一、他們取得一批解剖得到的腦,這些腦分別來自正常人、有輕微認知障礙以及有阿茲海默症的病人。他們分析這些腦組織內的各種金屬含量。
二、以認知缺陷程度不同(野生型正常、輕度認知障礙及失智〔附註:野生型指基因上未經過改造或有突變的動物,通常在研究時用作為對照組〕)的小老鼠為對象,做了一系列的研究。哈佛大學團隊的發現如下:
1.解剖而得的人腦:他們評估了27種不同的金屬,與認知健康的人相比,鋰是唯一在認知障礙患者,特別是阿爾茨海默病患者死後大腦中濃度明顯較低的金屬。
2.Beta 類澱粉蛋白-沉澱的斑塊中結合、圈住鋰,使其他部分的大腦更少鋰可用。
3.他們以降低老鼠飼料中的鍟來產生缺乏鍟的老鼠。當腦皮質(cortical)的鋰降至低於原先的百分之五T以下時,阝類澱粉蛋白的沉積和磷-tau的積累增加,並會 導致促炎性微膠質細胞(microglia cells)的啟動,造成突觸(synapses)、軸突(axons)和髓鞘(myelin)的喪失,以及加速認知能力下降。這些變化與人類阿爾茨海默病的標誌性特徵相似。
4.碳酸鋰已經用在治療躁鬱症(bipolar disorder)多年。但是劑量高的碳酸鋰毒性高,而且病人耐受性不佳。研究團隊測試了16種不同的鋰鹽。給缺鋰的動物用Lithium orotate(奧羅酸鋰)來補充優於其他鋰鹽。奧羅酸鋰具有幾個獨特而有益的特徵,包括對β澱粉樣蛋白的低結合(避免其他鋰鹽被澱粉樣蛋白禁錮的陷阱)、恢復大腦中鋰可用性的能力,可改善AD小鼠模型和老化野生型小鼠的病理變化和記憶喪失。
謝安民分析哈佛醫學院的這個報告,有人認為是阿茲海默症治療和預防的一個突破性發現。但是在這個報告正在受審核時,另外一篇用鋰治阿茲海默症的研究報告指出六個檢驗的試驗終點,只有一個達到統計上有意義的差別。顯然我們還需要更多的研究,和奧羅酸鋰更多的功效及安全性的證據,才能廣泛地用來治阿茲海默症。

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