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Back學普廷降級選總理失敗 塞爾維亞強人武契奇丟失政權 竟甩鍋外國干預
學普廷降級選總理失敗 塞爾維亞強人武契奇丟失政權 竟甩鍋外國干預
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自由时报1 hour agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

學普廷降級選總理失敗 塞爾維亞強人武契奇丟失政權 竟甩鍋外國干預

長期主宰塞爾維亞政壇的武契奇在選舉中敗給草根青年運動,其政治生涯面臨重大挫折。

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塞爾維亞強人武契奇在選舉中敗給由大學生發起的草根運動。儘管武契奇動用國家媒體與撒幣策略,但選民對其政府貪腐與裙帶關係的不滿導致其敗選。武契奇將失敗歸咎於外國干預,其長期統治面臨終結。

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Why It Matters

武契奇統治塞爾維亞長達14年,曾任副總理、總理及總統。他從極端民族主義者轉型為民粹主義者,並透過掌控媒體與司法鞏固權力。

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塞爾維亞民粹派強人武契奇(Aleksandar Vucic)主宰這個巴爾幹半島國家政壇長達14年,這位政壇老將過去總能輕易擊敗政敵,他原以為這次也能如法炮製。在25日投票前,他仿效其盟友、俄羅斯總統普廷(Vladimir Putin)的手法,辭去總統職務以角逐總理大位。隨後,他發動猛烈選戰攻勢,利用國家媒體進行全天候的正面宣傳並攻擊對手,更向選民大撒幣,承諾提高退休金、新建道路與提供廉價藥品。

《美聯社》報導,然而,這些手段全部失靈。在選舉結果出爐後,武契奇坦承其領導的「塞爾維亞進步黨」(SNS)敗給一個由大學生發起的草根運動。這個多元化的青年運動傳遞明確訊息:武契奇治下猖獗的貪腐、裙帶關係與組織犯罪,正在侵蝕國家,引起選民的廣泛共鳴。

但武契奇仍不甘示弱,將敗選歸咎於外國干預。他說:「我要讓人們知道,這是一場革命的印證,他們在不同歐洲國家,以及反對川普總統的美國『深層政府』(deep state)直接支持下,發動這場革命。」

在長達30多年的政治生涯中,武契奇從一名支持對前南斯拉夫非塞爾維亞人發動侵略的極端民族主義者,轉變為在強權之間尋求平衡的民粹主義者。他歷任副總理、總理與總統等職務,並將原本象徵性的總統職位,轉化為國家的權力中心。貝爾格勒大學政治學教授帕夫洛維奇(Dejan Pavlovic)將其統治形容為「教科書級的獨裁政權」,並指出武契奇掌控媒體與司法,透過恩威並施手段創造了全新的社會權貴階層。

在1990年代的戰爭中,他主張建立包括克羅埃西亞與波士尼亞塞裔少數民族居住地在內的「大塞爾維亞」(Greater Serbia),曾在國會揚言:「波士尼亞戰爭中每死一個塞爾維亞人,就必須有100個波士尼亞穆斯林陪葬。」該政策被廣泛認為是導致十多萬人喪生、數百萬人流離失所的血腥衝突主因。但他後來辯稱,他的說法遭到斷章取義。

1990年代末擔任新聞部長時,武契奇更對批評時任總統米洛塞維奇(Slobodan Milosevic)的媒體祭出重罰,或將其關閉。直到2012年其所屬政黨贏得選舉前夕,他才轉向宣稱支持親歐盟立場。

執政期間,武契奇將自己定位為親歐、親俄,同時也是川普的仰慕者。然而,在這次決定性大選前,為了挽救動搖的選票基本盤,他重新擁抱極右翼根源,並再次轉向普廷。上個月,他甚至不顧歐盟反對,在貝爾格勒為遭聯合國法庭依種族滅絕罪判刑的前波士尼亞塞裔軍隊指揮官穆拉迪奇(Ratko Mladic),舉行英雄式葬禮。

武契奇的下台在俄羅斯引發不同反應。克里姆林宮發言人佩斯科夫(Dmitry Peskov)26日表達希望後武契奇政府能維持對俄友好關係的期望。此前,儘管塞爾維亞正式申請加入歐盟,武契奇仍拒絕參與歐盟針對烏克蘭戰爭對莫斯科實施的制裁。

Open Questions

  • 新政府將如何處理與歐盟及俄羅斯的關係?
  • 武契奇是否會正式交出權力?

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