
農業部自2015年推出第一張高接梨保單以來,已發展出29種、44張農業保險,投保率從0.93%提升至54.32%,但因理賠機制與實際災情不匹配、保單條款複雜及農民理解不足,農業保險仍未全面普及。
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農業部自2015年推出第一張高接梨保單,目前全國農漁業共有29種、44張保單,涵蓋果樹、水稻、養殖、畜牧等類型。
農業部推動農業保險,於2015年推出第一張高接梨保單。(農友提供)
農業部推動農業保險,自2015年推出第一張高接梨保單,目前全國農漁業共有29種、44張保單,根據農業部農業金融署統計,投保率也從0.93%提升至去年的54.32%,農漁民對保費負擔與風險分散的觀念雖逐步提升,但理賠認定機制與實際災情不夠契合,以及農業保險商品的條款與理賠門檻具一定專業複雜度,傳統農友理解不易,仍使得農業保險未能全面普及。
目前農業保險主要分成5大類型,包括實損實賠、政策連結、氣象參數、區域收穫、收入保障型。依品項不同,由不同保險公司承保,從最早的高接梨,目前已開發出包含果樹類(梨、芒果、釋迦、蓮霧、木瓜、鳳梨、香蕉、柚、甜柿、番石榴、荔枝、棗、柑橘、西瓜、桃)、水稻、高粱、紅豆、水芋、養蜂、漁業(石斑魚、虱目魚、鱸魚、吳郭魚及養殖水產)、畜牧業(家禽禽流感、豬隻、乳牛)及農業設施等共29種、44張保單。
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政府並制定「農業保險法」,於2021年全面性推動農業保險,為鼓勵農民投保,明定提供保費補助的法源基礎,農業部原則提供各品項2分之1的保費補助;今年元月更修正發布農業保險保險費補助辦法,續保再補助5%,以降低農民財務負擔。
根據農業部農業金融署統計,去年農業保險的投保件數達27.15萬件、投保面積23.98萬公頃、投保金額353億元;農業保險從開辦迄今累計投保件數116.4萬件、投保面積104.6萬公頃、 總投保金額1723億元。
在理賠方面,去年度理賠件數1.97萬件、理賠金額7.68億元,累計理賠件數14.6萬件,總理賠金額69.5億元,對農友損失不無小補。
因我國農作物樣多量少,作物分布較為分散,相同作物在不同生長環境,面臨天候威脅各不相同,農業部雖「因地制宜」推出不同類型保單,但保單條件限制,使得鄰近區域農友,同樣災損,理賠結果卻大不同,也讓部分農友心生不滿,影響後續投保意願。
相關新聞請見:
農業保險2-2》未能貼合實際災情 影響農友投保意願
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