无底线博流量已有不少前车之鉴,为何仍有人愿意冒险造假?
近期多起摆拍造假事件引发关注,凸显“黑流量”现象。文章指出其根源在于利益驱动,呼吁从内容监管转向利益切断,打击全链条变现并实施更严格的跨账号、跨平台联合惩戒。
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近年来多起网络热点事件如“外卖员遭殴打侮辱”、“盲人女孩被撞”及“男子停止助学反遭催捐”经查证均为自导自演的虚假摆拍。
无底线博流量已有不少前车之鉴,为何仍有人愿意冒险造假?
惩治“黑流量”,需切断变现链条
只有让造假越来越难变现,让换个账号、换个平台也无法轻易重新开张,让靠欺骗和制造对立换取流量的黑生意无法变现,彻底失去价值,方能遏制新的荒唐事件发生
“外卖员遭消费者殴打侮辱”,是摆拍的;“盲人女孩走盲道被撞还遭斥责”, 是演出来的;近日,频上热搜的“男子因女学生生活奢靡停止助学反遭催捐”也迎来反转,被证实为自导自演。嘉峪关市公安局发布警情通报,证实该事件为当事人伪造,案件正在进一步侦办中。
法律已向这一乱象亮剑,但恶劣的影响已经造成。这类“黑流量”剧情虽在翻新,套路却是一致的:找一个容易刺激情绪的社会议题,安排几个立场鲜明的角色,制造一场足以让人愤怒、同情或争吵的冲突,再把情绪兑换成流量和收益。
近年来,针对无底线博流量,相关部门持续开展专项整治,平台也不断完善规则,一批虚假摆拍、恶意营销账号受到查处。为什么已有不少前车之鉴,仍有人愿意冒险造假?
说到底,还是有利可图。
对普通用户而言,一个账号被关闭,意味着此前积累几乎归零。但对职业化的流量生产者来说,账号本身未必是最重要的资产。一次“爆款”带来的曝光、粉丝增长、广告分成、直播导流、带货转化,都可能形成收益。尤其当背后存在团队化运营、账号矩阵时,一个账号被封,也未必意味着这门生意就此终止。
这也是“黑流量”难以根治的症结之一。互联网时代,虚假内容可以快速传播,事实核查和责任认定则往往需要过程,一些账号利用这个时间差,在真相查清之前完成吸粉和变现。等到内容被删、账号被关,流量产生的部分商业价值可能已经兑现。
因此治理“黑流量”产业,亟需切断从内容生产、传播放大到商业变现的全链条。
事实上,近年来相关治理已经开始从“管内容”转向“管利益”。对虚假摆拍、恶意营销等违规账号,已有暂停营利权限、取消广告收益、关闭打赏和提现、清理违规增长粉丝等措施;对于MCN机构和多账号联动炒作,也在强化关联治理。
要更进一步,需要让“管利益”更加精准。
最基础的,是不能让违规流量带来的收益正常变现。对已经认定为恶意造假、摆拍引战的内容,平台不仅要删除内容、限制账号,还应依法依规核查相关广告分成、创作激励、直播导流等收益;涉及违法所得的,依法处理。不能出现内容已经认定违规,收益却仍能照常结算的情况。
此外,治理对象还应从“账号”走向“人”。
对于故意编造重大虚假事实、反复摆拍社会冲突、以挑动群体对立牟利的运营者,如果只是关闭涉事账号,很容易陷入“封一个、换一个”的循环。网络主播治理中已经有黑名单、警示名单以及限制违规主体通过更换账号、平台重新开播等规则化、制度化实践。对职业化生产“黑流量”的严重违规者,也可以探索类似的实名关联惩戒。对于情节严重、屡教不改的运营者,可以根据违规程度,在一定期限内限制重新开设具有公众传播、直播、打赏等功能的账号,暂停营利和商业合作资格,从而让造假者付出更深刻的代价。
如果一次虚假事件背后存在团队策划,那么策划机构、签约MCN、关联账号,都应承担相应责任。否则,今天关闭一个账号,明天换一个人设;这个平台待不下去,转到另一个平台,“黑流量”仍有生存空间。
当然,严惩也要有边界。普通事实差错、表达失当,与有组织、有预谋地编造情节、挑动对立、借机牟利,性质并不相同。是否实施更严格的关联惩戒,应综合考虑主观故意、违规次数、传播规模、社会危害和牟利程度,并设置相应的申诉、复核和期限机制。只有标准清晰,惩戒才既有力度,也有公信力。
归根结底,“黑流量”的危害已经不只是制造几条假新闻。它越来越擅长利用真实的社会矛盾,拼接成虚假的冲突故事。这些虚构故事进入热搜,引发大规模讨论,甚至占用公共部门核查处置资源,消耗的是整个社会的注意力和信任。
治理“黑流量”,最终还是要算清这笔账。只有让造假越来越难变现,让造假者换个账号、换个平台也无法轻易重新开张,让靠欺骗和制造对立换取流量的黑生意无法变现,彻底失去价值,方能遏制新的荒唐事件发生。

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