
台北市立聯合醫院松德院區心身醫學科醫師薛元智指出,長輩憂鬱症盛行率高達13.3%,常以身體不適表現而被誤認為年老固執,實則與神經傳導物質失衡有關,建議透過規律運動、社區參與及適當藥物治療改善生活品質。
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長輩常以身體不適就醫卻查無病因,子女易誤以為年老固執或疑神疑鬼,實則可能為憂鬱症表現。
〔記者蔡愷恆/台北報導〕「我最近全身都痛,尤其是肚子整天不舒服…」許多孝順的子女常帶著爸媽看遍腸胃科、骨科,做了一堆檢查卻找不到病因,最後甚至被懷疑是不是年紀大了變固執、疑神疑鬼。台北市立聯合醫院松德院區心身醫學科醫師薛元智指出,過去大家只注意長輩有沒有三高或中風,卻常漏掉他們的「心事」。其實,相較於一般族群中憂鬱症4.7%的盛行率,老年族群盛行率可高達13.3%,甚至有半數以上的長輩都曾出現憂鬱症狀。
薛元智說明,從大腦科學來看,血清素、多巴胺等神經傳導物質失衡時,不只會讓人心情低落,還會「調低大腦的疼痛門檻」。這意味著,長輩身體只要有一點點輕微的生理刺激,大腦接收到的痛覺就可能會被放大,連帶引發心悸和焦慮。加上退休後人際互動減少,其他憂鬱症狀不容易被注意,這些「身體不舒服」就成了他們唯一的求救方式。
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薛元智解釋,很多家屬常抱怨長輩年紀大了變得「很盧」、難溝通,或是忘東忘西,擔心他們罹患失智症。薛元智指出,憂鬱和失智確實常常一起出現,但兩者仍有不同。如果長輩原本的三高或慢性病控制得很穩定,卻突然出現查不出原因的疲倦、疼痛、腸胃不適,或是變得很頻繁跑醫院,就要提高警覺。
薛元智表示,另一個明顯的變化是生活功能全面下滑。例如原本很愛乾淨的長輩突然不愛洗澡、不收拾家務,或是對以前最熱衷的活動,像是散步、逛菜市場、蒔花弄草等,完全失去動力,整天只想窩在沙發上看電視,這往往就是憂鬱上身的警訊。
薛元智也提醒,失智通常是好幾年「緩慢地」記憶變差;而憂鬱有時則發生得很突然,長輩可能在幾個月內突然開始抱怨「我怎麼什麼都記不得了」,進展速度截然不同。
當長輩聽到要看身心科、吃精神科藥物時,通常會非常抗拒,很怕被貼上標籤、也擔心藥物成癮。薛元智說,通常醫療團隊會採取「從低劑量開始、慢慢加藥」的溫和策略,把副作用降到最低。在溝通上,醫師也不會去強調精神疾病的字眼,而是從長輩最在意的「身體症狀」切入。
薛元智舉例,他會告訴長輩:「這個藥是幫忙調節大腦神經傳導物質的平衡,就像高血壓要吃藥控制一樣;它可以順便幫忙改善你的腸胃不舒服、讓你晚上睡得比較好、白天比較有體力。」他也會耐心解釋,等病情穩定幾個月後,大都能循序漸進地減藥,未必需要長期終身服藥。這種幫生活品質作「微調」的說法,最能化解長輩的心防,讓藥物好好發揮調理睡眠與減輕痛感的效果。
薛元智指出,要幫爸媽趕走憂鬱、快樂變老,「規律運動」是研究證實最有效的保護罩。世界衛生組織建議,任何程度的運動都比不運動好,每週至少要累積快走、爬山等中等強度的運動150分鐘,並可以搭配打太極拳這類能訓練肌力和平衡的運動,還能順便預防老人最怕的跌倒。
除了動起來,還要鼓勵長輩「走進社區、維持生活作息」。薛元智建議,可以鼓勵長輩去上社區大學、長照據點、或到社區當志工。白天有固定的出門目標,透過學習新玩意、和鄰居聊聊天,長輩會重新找到「自己還有用」的價值感。另外,如果爸媽眼睛看不清、耳朵聽不到,記得及時幫他們配眼鏡或裝助聽器,因為五官不靈光會讓長輩更不想出門社交,封閉久了,憂鬱就容易找上門。
面對老化,除了照顧身體,也別忘了照顧心情。從規律運動、維持作息,到走進社區、和人互動,每一個看似簡單的日常,都可能成為守護心理健康的重要力量,陪伴長輩健康老化、快樂生活。

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