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Back超强厄尔尼诺形成 如何影响海南?
超强厄尔尼诺形成 如何影响海南?
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中国新闻网59 minutes agoEnvironment6 min readChina

超强厄尔尼诺形成 如何影响海南?

海南省气象局副局长黄秋如就“史上最强”厄尔尼诺对海南气候的影响进行解读

Quick Look

国家气候中心监测显示2026年9月超强厄尔尼诺已形成。海南省气象局副局长黄秋如在海口的新闻发布会上表示,该事件将加剧海南极端天气气候事件风险,气象部门已全面强化监测预警,并提醒公众科学识险避险。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

国家气候中心监测显示,2026年9月超强厄尔尼诺已形成,预计在秋末冬初达到峰值,成为有系统性监测以来最强的一次事件。

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中新网海口10月13日电 (记者 王子谦)国家气候中心监测显示,2026年9月,超强厄尔尼诺已形成。预计未来三个月,赤道中东太平洋海表温度还将继续升高,在秋末冬初达到峰值。我们正在经历有系统性监测以来最强的一次厄尔尼诺事件。

地处热带的海南,台风、暴雨、高温等自然灾害多发频发,“史上最强”厄尔尼诺到来,对海南而言意味着什么?又会带来什么影响?于13日在海口举行的相关新闻发布会上,海南省气象局副局长黄秋如进行详细解读。

厄尔尼诺叠加全球变暖,加剧气候风险

黄秋如分析,厄尔尼诺的快速发展对我国今年汛期的气候影响明显,中东部地区降水总体呈“南北多、中间少”格局,涝重于旱。而典型强厄尔尼诺会对我国气候形成跨季节的持续扰动,其影响具有显著的滞后性,往往次年更为突出。

不过他同时提醒,我国气候受到海温、极冰、陆面积雪和大气环流内部变率等共同影响,超强厄尔尼诺事件并非是影响气候的单一因素,而是调整了大气环流背景,使极端事件发生的概率明显增大。

厄尔尼诺在全球变暖的背景下叠加了一层增暖效应,使高温热浪发生概率增加、降水时空分布更趋不均、台风活动特征也可能发生变化。根据1961年以来的历史气候数据统计,春、夏开始的厄尔尼诺年,当年影响海南省的热带气旋数量偏少、影响的极端强度偏强,汛期降水偏少、高温日数偏多的概率均不同程度增大,次年极端天气气候事件发生的概率也会有所增加。

黄秋如预计,今年秋季,即10月至11月,热带气旋影响海南省和登陆海南岛的个数接近常年或偏少,全省平均降雨量较常年略偏多。较强台风和强区域性暴雨过程影响海南省的概率增大。

9月15日,海南省五指山市,暴雨过后洪水退去,城区街道堆积大量淤泥杂物,当地民众上街开展灾后清淤作业,加快恢复城区生产生活秩序。图为城区一街道堆积大量淤泥杂物,车辆被困在淤泥中。 中新社记者 骆云飞 摄

今年冬季,即12月至次年2月,冷暖变幅大,阶段性低温寡日照天气明显,可能出现低温阴雨天气。明年春夏季,厄尔尼诺将快速衰减至结束,但对海南省气候的影响仍然显著,春季出现大范围高温、气象干旱的可能性增大。

气象部门强化监测预报预警

“全球气候变化导致极端气候事件趋多趋强,超强厄尔尼诺事件进一步加剧极端事件的强度和持续时间,推高极端气候事件风险。”黄秋如表示,复杂的海气相互作用、非线性气候反馈,让季节尺度气候趋势预判、极端天气落区精准预报难度明显加大,部分局地突发极端天气具有更强的突发性、反常性,超出传统经验认知。

他继而表示,面对这一常态化、复杂化的气候新形势,既要高度警惕、严防死守,又要科学理性、从容应对,“气象部门已全面强化监测预报预警,并不断优化递进式服务体系,完善服务发布渠道,持续筑牢防灾减灾第一道防线。”

公众应提升认知,科学识险避险

面对超强厄尔尼诺,提升气候科学认知、强化全民知险避险能力、养成常态化防灾习惯,是降低灾害损失的关键基础。

黄秋如提醒,公众要准确区分气候趋势与天气实况。超强厄尔尼诺事件带来的是区域性、阶段性的气候趋势异常,会提升极端天气的发生概率,不代表极端天气会随时随地发生,不能将所有天气异常简单归因于厄尔尼诺,更不要轻信网络上“极端天气预报”等不实信息。所有气候监测、天气预报、灾害预警,以官方渠道发布信息为准。

要认清极端天气新常态。在气候变暖与超强厄尔尼诺叠加背景下,反常天气将逐步常态化,以往少见的高温、暴雨、阶段性干旱可能频繁出现,公众要主动跳出传统天气认知经验,摒弃“往年无灾、今年无忧”的侥幸心理。

要主动学习极端天气防范科普知识,重点掌握常见极端天气的预警信号含义、风险特征和应对方法,了解居住地、工作地周边的低洼地带、山洪隐患点、边坡危岩、河道沟渠等风险区域,在当地预警信号生效期间,切勿靠近危险区域。

另外,民众在日常出行、户外作业、短途出游前,要养成主动查询天气预报、气象预警的习惯,根据天气情况合理调整行程、作业计划,坚决杜绝冒险出行、冒险作业。(完)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 今年秋季热带气旋影响海南省和登陆海南岛个数接近常年或偏少

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 次年厄尔尼诺衰减后的具体气候恢复期是多久?
  • 各项防灾减灾预案的具体落实情况如何?

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