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Back健康網》「肺癌」不吸菸也可能罹患 醫:在家燒香要注意
健康網》「肺癌」不吸菸也可能罹患 醫:在家燒香要注意
Health
自由时报46 minutes agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

健康網》「肺癌」不吸菸也可能罹患 醫:在家燒香要注意

衛福部統計顯示,112年肺癌標準化死亡率較100年下降16.9%,但肺癌仍占所有癌症死亡人數五分之一

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衛福部統計顯示,我國112年肺癌標準化死亡率為每十萬人口21.6人,較100年下降16.9%,但肺癌仍占112年所有癌症死亡人數的五分之一。新光醫院胸腔內科主治醫師徐培菘強調,肺癌初期幾乎無不適,建議高風險族群透過低劑量電腦斷層(LDCT)進行早期篩檢,並改善生活習慣以降低罹病風險。

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Why It Matters

衛福部統計顯示,我國112年肺癌標準化死亡率為每十萬人口21.6人,較100年每十萬人口26.0人下降16.9%,但肺癌仍占112年所有癌症死亡人數的五分之一。新光醫院胸腔內科主治醫師徐培菘指出,肺癌初期幾乎沒有不適感,許多患者等到腫瘤轉移至骨頭或腦部引起疼痛才就醫,此時往往已處於較嚴重時期。

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國內許多人深受肺癌所苦,即使並非吸菸者,也可能因吸入油煙等狀況而發生肺癌。衛福部統計,我國112年肺癌標準化死亡率為每十萬人口21.6人,相較100年每十萬人口26.0人,已下降16.9%,但肺癌仍占112年所有癌症死亡人數的五分之一。新光醫院胸腔內科主治醫師徐培菘在《子曰論健康》節目中談到,肺癌初期幾乎沒有不適感,直到咳嗽或背痛時大多很嚴重了。

新光醫院副院長洪子仁表示,因肺腺癌過世的藝人汪建民,曾提過生前經常背痛,就醫仍難以痊癒;直到發現肺腺癌時已經是很嚴重的時候了。另外前行政院長陳建仁在健檢時就發現早期肺癌,及時治療後,現在相當健康。

新光醫院胸腔內科主治醫師徐培菘表示,肺癌中較為常見的是肺腺癌。大家多知道吸菸為風險因子,但我們也看到很多人即使沒吸菸,仍發生肺腺癌。

徐培菘提到自己遇過的案例,在咳嗽時才就診,這時恐怕已經很嚴重了。徐培菘表示,肺癌在初期通常沒有任何不適,許多患者甚至等到腫瘤轉移至骨頭、腦部引起疼痛(如背痛、喘咳)才就醫,此時往往已經到較為嚴重的時期。近年來,不抽菸的「肺腺癌」患者數量已超越傳統因抽菸引起的肺癌種類;許多生活作息正常、不菸不酒的名人或民眾也可能確診。

肺癌的高風險族群中,徐培菘表示,大家最容易理解的應是:長期吸菸或反覆吸入二手菸,會持續刺激呼吸道與上皮細胞導致病變。另外有肺癌家族病史者罹患風險較高。

徐培菘強調,在工作上經常吸到污染物或戶外空污(如 PM2.5)是重要危險因子。但徐培菘提出最常被忽略的污染,是居家環境,例如:長期在高油煙且通風不良的環境下煮飯、以及在通風不良處燒香拜拜等,「在點香時,可以找台空氣清淨機,開啟後會發現PM2.5警示會一直閃紅燈」。其他則有住家窗戶須盡量打開,增加對流;衣櫃內有放很久的衣服也有少許風險。

徐培菘建議做「低劑量電腦斷層」(LDCT),這是能幫助大眾早期發現的利器。醫學證實,低劑量胸部電腦斷層(LDCT)是目前唯一能早期診斷肺癌並有效降低死亡率的篩檢工具。

做LDCT不需禁食、不需注射顯影劑(免去過敏或傷腎疑慮),掃描時間僅需 2 至 5 分鐘。徐培菘表示「換衣服的時間甚至比檢查還長」。同時切片較細,能揪出極小的早期結節。

徐培菘提醒,大家要設法改善生活習慣。第一步當然是主動拒絕菸害,遠離二手菸及油煙環境。煮飯時務必全程開啟抽油煙機,並適時讓室內空氣對流,必要時可使用空氣清淨機。高風險族群(如具家族史、長期接觸油煙或空污者)應定期安排 LDCT 篩檢,才能做到「早期發現、早期治療」。

Open Questions

  • LDCT篩檢的建議頻率與適用年齡範圍為何?
  • 高風險族群的具體定義與篩檢費用是否由健保給付?
  • 油煙與空污對肺癌風險的具體暴露標準為何?

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