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Back“中国天眼”再取重大突破:构建世界最大中性氢星系样本库
“中国天眼”再取重大突破:构建世界最大中性氢星系样本库
Science
中国新闻网13 hours agoScience7 min readChinaView translation

“中国天眼”再取重大突破:构建世界最大中性氢星系样本库

FAST中性氢巡天项目发布二期数据,探测银河外中性氢源增至15.6万个

Quick Look

中国科学院国家天文台宣布,“中国天眼”(FAST)在中性氢巡天领域取得重大突破,构建了世界最大中性氢星系样本库并绘就最大宇宙气体图谱。FASHI项目二期数据面向全球发布,探测源数量达15.6万个。

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Why It Matters

“中国天眼”是500米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST),FASHI项目致力于中性氢巡天研究。

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中新网北京9月8日电 (记者 孙自法)中国科学院国家天文台9月8日发布消息说,“中国天眼”(500米口径球面射电望远镜,FAST)最近在中性氢巡天领域再次取得重大突破——构建世界最大中性氢星系样本库、绘就最大宇宙气体图谱。

关键跨越

“中国天眼”这项重磅成果,由中国科学院国家天文台姜鹏研究员团队领衔的FAST中性氢巡天(FASHI)项目,联合中国科学院上海天文台郭宏研究员团队以及贵州射电天文台、中国科学院南美天文中心、北京大学等合作者共同完成,相关论文9月8日再次以封面文章形式在学术期刊《中国科学:物理学,力学,天文学》(英文版)发表,FASHI项目第二期数据(DR2)同时面向全球发布。

本项研究成果发表的期刊封面。中国科学院国家天文台 供图

数据显示,在两年观测时间内,FASHI探测的银河外中性氢源便从4万个跃升至15.6万个,覆盖天区从7600平方度猛增至19500平方度,几乎占据半个天穹。“中国天眼”用两年时间,便两次刷新射电望远镜巡天的世界纪录,“中国天眼”也由此完成从“世界纪录保持者”到“核心参考样本”的关键跨越。

研究团队介绍,138亿年前,宇宙大爆炸后温度逐渐降低,质子和电子终于能稳定地结合在一起,形成了第一批中性氢原子。中性氢是宇宙中最古老、最基础的物质——恒星的“原材料”,星系的“建筑材料”,也是记录宇宙从黑暗走向光明的“历史档案”。

中性氢发出的21厘米辐射,穿透力极强,能穿越星际尘埃的层层遮挡,将宇宙深处最原始的气体信息传递到地球,“中国天眼”正是捕捉这一宇宙“信标”的“最强利器”。

双重突破

2024年1月,FASHI首期数据(DR1)以41741个探测源,登顶当时世界最大中性氢星系样本。

两年后,FASHI团队发布二期数据论文的期刊封面以暖色夕阳为背景,将“中国天眼”接收到来自遥远星系的21厘米信号具象为穿越亿万光年的宇宙信使,意味着“中国天眼”正在捕捉宇宙最古老的信标。

FASHI二期数据覆盖面积约19500平方度,占全天面积近一半,探测源数量高达156411个,是一期数据的近4倍。国际审稿人评价其为“天文学界期待已久的里程碑式数据集”,并称其“无疑将成为行业内的标准参考文献”,这表明,未来任何同类研究,都将以FASHI为标尺。

研究团队指出,FASHI二期数据实现跨越式增长,源于FAST望远镜在2020年8月至2025年7月长达5年的观测周期中始终保持卓越的灵敏度与稳定性,其19波束接收机与高效漂移扫描策略的配合,实现了巡天深度与广度的双重突破。这日复一日地扫描、积累与优化,每一平方度的覆盖、每一个源的探测,都是“中国天眼”向宇宙深处迈出的坚实足迹。

本项研究成果相关示意图。中国科学院国家天文台 供图

依托FASHI二期巡天数据,研究团队将中性氢质量函数的可靠测量范围首次稳健拓展至约100万倍太阳质量,并将近邻宇宙中性氢密度的统计精度锁定在0.6%——这是迄今人类对该物理量最精确的测量,为近邻宇宙气体含量研究树立了全新的精度标杆。

广泛应用

研究团队表示,“中国天眼”最新发布的这15.6万个星系的气体“身份证”,预计将在多个天文学前沿领域发挥作用。

在星系演化领域,为研究气体吸积、恒星形成反馈与星系演化提供直接观测约束,人类可以完整地追踪一个星系“呼吸”的全过程。

在宇宙学领域,精确的中性氢质量函数为理解暗物质晕中重子物质的分布、检验星系形成与演化模型提供关键数据—,让宇宙的“隐形骨架”逐渐显形。

在大尺度结构领域,FASHI描绘的中性氢宇宙网将与光学巡天互补,揭示气体在纤维状结构与空洞中的分布规律,即在宇宙最空旷的地方,也藏着物质的秘密。

在引力波与暂现源研究领域,FASHI源表有助于精确定位引力波事件的宿主星系,每一次引力波回荡,都能找到它的家园,

在“世界巨眼”的平方公里阵列射电望远镜(SKA)时代前瞻研究方面,FASHI为下一代射电干涉阵巡天提供了重要的样本设计和系统比对基准。FASHI二期数据全球发布,也为SKA时代星系演化研究奠定关键数据基础。

Open Questions

  • 二期数据将在未来具体促成哪些突破性发现?
  • 平方公里阵列射电望远镜(SKA)何时全面投入使用?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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