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Back英專家警告美航艦過度部署影響印太威懾 背後隱憂加劇
英專家警告美航艦過度部署影響印太威懾 背後隱憂加劇
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中央社1 hour agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

英專家警告美航艦過度部署影響印太威懾 背後隱憂加劇

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英國海權專家指出,美國航空母艦和海軍艦艇全球部署與維修養護吃緊現象早在伊朗戰爭爆發前已存在,影響印太威懾能力;以林肯號超標部署為例,分析美軍艦艇過度使用導致維修延誤、戰備下降,中國可能利用此機會對台施壓。

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Why It Matters

美國海軍航艦標準部署週期為210天,但近年多次超標,如林肯號超過270天、福特號達326天,維修養護延誤影響輪調循環,艦齡老舊進一步增加維修成本。

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(中央社記者陳韻聿倫敦6日專電)英國海權專家指出,美國航空母艦和海軍艦艇全球部署和維修養護吃緊的現象,在今年伊朗戰爭爆發之前即已發生,這對美國在印太區域嚇阻能力的影響值得持續關注。

專家也提到,美國運用航空母艦等高價值軍事資產的方式值得進一步檢視。以亞洲和太平洋戰場為例,中國可能考慮先利用海警和民兵等準軍事力量,對台灣實施隔離或封鎖,驅使美方出動航艦等高價值資產,以利在消耗、磨損美軍戰備後,在適當時機升高局勢,出動中國海軍、發動關鍵打擊。

英國智庫「皇家聯合軍事研究所」(RUSI)海權高階研究員卡沙爾(Sidharth Kaushal)以及RUSI期刊主編、前英國海軍戰略研究中心(RNSSC)主任羅蘭(Kevin Rowlands)近日聯名發表評論文章,分析美國軍艦部署時間過長、例行維修養護遞延等現象造成的惡性循環,以及相關現象對美方軍事態勢的影響。

美軍航艦「林肯號」(USS Abraham Lincoln)近日成為國際新聞焦點,主要原因包括它的海上部署時間總計超過270天,且集中於中東地區。

卡沙爾和羅蘭指出,按美國海軍標準規範,航艦單一部署週期是210天(約7個月),但「林肯號」的部署天數雖然已明顯超標,卻不是特例,更未破紀錄:美國航艦「福特號」(USS Gerald R. Ford)今年5月剛結束長達326天的部署行動。

此外,分析美國海軍近10年的訊息發布可發現,自2023年以來總計11次航艦部署行動之中,有8次的部署時間長達8個月以上;長達至少9個月的部署行動則多達5次,占比近50%。

卡沙爾和羅蘭在文章提到,依據美方準則,海軍航艦的運用是3年一循環,其中7個月用於部署,其他時間則用於維修養護、人員訓練與輪休調度,以及航艦進入表定高戰備狀態;現役航艦多達11艘的美國海軍,在任何一個時間點,都應有2至3艘航艦在海上執行部署任務,其他航艦則各自處於3年循環的不同階段。

文章指出,一旦部署時間過長,航艦所需維修養護時間通常也會增加,進而影響其他航艦的運用循環。這可類比為汽車未按時接受例行保養,一旦車齡已相當可觀,則車主需付出的時間和金錢成本會更高。

文章舉例,「林肯號」正式投入服役是在44年前;美國現役最老的兩艘航艦「尼米茲號」(USS Nimitz)和「艾森豪號」(USS Dwight D. Eisenhower),艦齡分別是51年和48年。

不僅是航艦,文章提到,類似的部署和維養吃緊現象也可見於驅逐艦、兩棲艦隊等美軍艦艇。舉例而言,驅逐艦「班福特號」(USS Benfold)今年7月曾在失去電力的情況下,在戰略情勢敏感的南海水域漂流4天。

值得注意的是,「班福特號」隸屬航艦「華盛頓號」(USS George Washington)打擊群編隊,而「華盛頓號」近日接替「林肯號」赴中東執行任務。這意味在南海遭遇漂流險境時,「班福特號」是處於開始執行任務的階段,而非任務尾聲。

另一方面,文章指出,伊朗戰爭恐已將美國在全球的軍事部署態勢推向危機邊緣,這可見於海軍及其他軍事資源。舉例而言,美國已消耗相當於10年產量的反飛彈「終端高空防衛系統」(THAAD,又稱薩德系統);各式關鍵高階武器儲備恐皆需耗時數年補充。

文章提到,中國可能會認為這樣的局面對自己有利。無論中方的認定是否合理,問題重點一向不在特定危機是否確實為敵手製造機會,而在競爭或敵對的各方如何評估戰略形勢變化,並進而採取什麼樣的行動。(編輯:陳慧萍)1150907

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中國將在美軍戰備疲弱時機,利用海警與民兵對台實施隔離或封鎖行動

    Possible · Within months

  • 美國海軍將被迫調整全球部署策略,縮短單次航艦任務時長以紓解維修壓力

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美國是否有計畫縮短航艦部署時間以恢復正常維修週期?
  • 中國是否會利用美軍戰備空檔採取實質行動對台?
  • 伊朗戰爭對美軍武器庫存的實際消耗程度是多少?

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This article was originally published by 中央社.

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