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Backベッセント米財務長官の「リフレ政策はやめるべき」発言、波紋を呼ぶ背景
ベッセント米財務長官の「リフレ政策はやめるべき」発言、波紋を呼ぶ背景
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朝日新聞14 hours agoPolitics4 min readJapanView translation

ベッセント米財務長官の「リフレ政策はやめるべき」発言、波紋を呼ぶ背景

アベノミクスの呪縛と米国の金利上昇懸念、日米経済政策の摩擦

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ベッセント米財務長官がG20の場で日本のリフレ政策の中止を要求。米国の金利上昇を招く日本の財政・金融政策への強い不満が背景にあるとみられ、日本政府の対応が注目されている。

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Why It Matters

ベッセント米財務長官は、G20財務相・中央銀行総裁会議にて日本のリフレ政策の中止を求めた。これは米国の金利上昇を懸念する米政府の強い意向が反映されている。

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リフレ政策はやめるべきだ――。ベッセント米財務長官が日本政府に投げかけたいくつもの強烈なメッセージが、波紋を呼んでいる。「内政干渉」(市場関係者)との批判も覚悟で、日本の財政・金融政策に注文をつけたベッセント氏の真意は何か。日本政府は「忠告」をどう受け止めるのか。

アベノミクスの「呪縛」に不満?

1日(日本時間2日)、米南東部ノースカロライナ州アッシュビル。主要20カ国・地域(G20)財務相・中央銀行総裁会議の閉幕時の議長国会見で、ベッセント氏は「我々は日本と話し合った」と述べ、「アベノミクスで彼らは多大な成功を収めたと伝えた」とたたえた。一方で、日本にこうも伝えたと続けた。

「リフレ政策はやめるべきだ」

リフレ政策とは、財政拡張や金融緩和を進めるもので、ベッセント氏はデフレ脱却を目指した第2次安倍晋三政権の経済政策「アベノミクス」の同義語として使った。

マーケットコンシェルジュの上野泰也代表は、「積極財政と金融緩和を志向する高市政権が抱える、『アベノミクスの呪縛』のようなものに対して、いらだちを示した発言だ」とみる。

高市政権は「責任ある積極財政」を掲げ、大規模投資を旗印に掲げるが、金融市場では財政悪化やインフレ(物価上昇)を招きかねないとの懸念が絶えない。1日に長期金利が30年ぶりに3%を超えた背景の一つにも、政権の積極財政姿勢がある。

ベッセント氏が懸念するのは、日本の長期金利の上昇とみられている。

今年1月。米長期金利が上昇した際、ベッセント氏は「日本からの波及効果を(関係がないと)分けて考えることは非常に難しい」と述べ、米金利上昇は日本のせいだと主張した。

当時、日本では総選挙を前に与野党が消費税の減税方針を競って公約に掲げ、それが日本の長期金利を上昇させていた。

今回の「リフレ発言」も、日本発の金利上昇が米金利に波及することを嫌ってなされた可能性がある。

一方、8月30日に日本銀行の植田和男総裁と会談した際には、「円安が日本国内のインフレ圧力の一因だ」と伝えた。

物価高も長期金利を押し上げる主要な要因だ。過度な円安ドル高の是正のため、7月末に日米両政府による協調円買い介入にベッセント氏が協力したのも、円安が輸入物価を上昇させ、それが長期金利を押し上げる負の連鎖を止めたかったと受け取れる。

米コンサル企業アジア・グループのデビッド・ボーリング氏は、「アベノミクスは成功したが、今は日本のインフレ問題を悪化させるリスクがあるとベッセント氏はみている」と語る。「現在の日本の問題がインフレであるにもかかわらず、日本がデフレ対策として設計された財政・金融政策を維持し続けている点にベッセント氏の懸念がある」と言う。

ベッセント氏はG20会議の会期中、繰り返し日銀による早期の利上げへの期待感を強く示唆した。利上げ観測の高まりも長期金利を押し上げうるが、利上げをせずに物価高が激しくなれば、大幅な長期金利の上昇を招きかねないと考えているとみられる。

それだけに、日銀の利上げに消極的とされる高市政権の姿勢にも不満を持っている可能性がある。

ベッセント氏が自国の金利高にここまで神経質になるのはなぜか。

トランプ政権は今年11月に中間選挙の審判を受ける。インフレが問題になり、「アフォーダビリティー」(価格が手頃であること)が争点になるなか、金利上昇が住宅ローン金利の上昇などにつながり、米国民の暮らしの重しになることを米政権がおそれているとの指摘は多い。

ベッセント氏が率いる米財務省は8月、長期金利の引き下げ効果がある米国債の買い戻しの倍増を発表するなど、なりふり構わない姿勢だ。そんななか、長期金利の上昇につながりうる政策をとる日本に対するベッセント発言に、上野氏は「米政権のかなり強い不満が垣間見えた」と言った。

片山財務相「問い詰められたことない」

米ベッセント財務長官が1日…

Open Questions

  • 日本政府は今後、金融政策をどのように修正するか
  • 高市政権は米国の要求に対しどのような回答を示すか

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