研究显示,全球化石燃料二氧化碳排放量在2019至2025年间年均增长0.8%后,预计2026年暂时下降0.4%,主要归因于美伊霍尔木兹海峡战争导致的油价上涨,而非排放达到持久峰值。
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施普林格·自然旗下专业学术期刊《自然-气候变化》在线发表论文,研究评估了2019年至2025年间电动汽车、太阳能和风能如何抵消全球排放量增长,并预测其影响将持续至2028年。
中新网北京11月10日电 (记者 孙自法)施普林格·自然旗下专业学术期刊《自然-气候变化》11月10日在线发表一篇论文称,一项研究显示,在全球化石燃料二氧化碳排放量于2019年至2025年间以年均0.8%的速度增长后,预计2026年将暂时下降,降幅预计为0.4%。
论文作者将这一下降归因于美伊霍尔木兹海峡战争导致的油价上涨,并得出结论认为,这很可能是暂时的下降,而非排放量已达到持久峰值的证据。
本项研究相关示意图(图片来自论文)。施普林格·自然 供图
该论文介绍,尽管面临全球能源市场动荡、政府政策重点调整、高昂的资本成本、贸易壁垒以及AI和数据中心需求不断增长等因素,向清洁能源的转型仍在继续。可再生能源和电动汽车对全球排放的抑制作用日益显著,但其效果正被不断增长的能源需求所抵消,尤其是在新兴经济体中。因此,目前尚不清楚这些技术能否在2026年抵消需求增长,并使全球排放量走上持续下降的轨道。
在本项研究中,论文第一作者和通讯作者、英国东安格利亚大学Corinne Le Quéré联合挪威、澳大利亚、英国、美国等合作者,评估了2019年至2025年间电动汽车、太阳能和风能如何抵消全球排放量的增长,并预测其影响将持续至2028年。
他们发现,包括南非、泰国、哥伦比亚和墨西哥在内的59个国家,在2025年的排放量低于2019年,同时经济仍在增长;东亚、南亚的排放量仍在上升,但增速较往年放缓,且2025年前全球排放量总体呈上升趋势。
研究显示,2025年,太阳能和风能预计抵消了41亿吨二氧化碳排放,其中中国约21亿吨,美国和欧盟各5亿吨,印度3亿吨。预计2026年全球碳抵消总量将达到46亿吨,二氧化碳排放量预计将减少0.4%。2025年,电动汽车预计抵消了1.9亿吨二氧化碳排放,其中82%来自中国、美国和欧盟的总和;预计2026年该项全球碳抵消总量将升至2.4亿吨。
尽管清洁技术正在日益抑制排放增长,但论文作者认为,2026年预计0.4%的排放下降主要归因于美伊冲突后的高油价。他们指出,在2025年至2028年间,电动汽车、太阳能和风能预计将额外抵消约20亿吨排放。然而,经济增长和能源使用方式的变化可能导致同期排放量增加25.9亿吨。按照当前趋势,电动汽车、太阳能和风能可抵消其中16.4亿吨(即64%)的增幅;而在加速部署情景下,这一抵消量将增至20亿吨,约占增幅的80%。
论文作者总结表示,他们的研究结果表明,清洁技术已抵消了大部分排放增长,但尚不足以支撑全球排放的持续下降,因此需要加快部署以减少排放。未来的趋势,还将取决于不断增长的能源需求中有多少由化石燃料满足。(完)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
2026年全球二氧化碳排放量将下降0.4%
Likely · Within months
2025年至2028年间,电动汽车、太阳能和风能将额外抵消约20亿吨排放
Possible · Within years
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