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Back台灣大學氣象專家警告:2026年聖嬰現象將達歷史極強等級
台灣大學氣象專家警告:2026年聖嬰現象將達歷史極強等級
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自由时报3 hours agoScience2 min readChinaView translation

台灣大學氣象專家警告:2026年聖嬰現象將達歷史極強等級

Quick Look

國立台灣大學大氣科學博士林得恩指出,截至2026年9月初,聖嬰現象正在快速增強,預測10月至12月將進入非常強階段,Niño 3.4/RONI可能達到+2.5°C以上的歷史極強等級,NOAA評估達到此等級機率約69%,非常強聖嬰機率超過90%。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

聖嬰(El Niño)是赤道太平洋海溫異常升高的氣候現象,通常會導致全球天氣模式改變,造成部分地區乾旱或洪水。

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國立台灣大學大氣科學博士林得恩指出,截至2026年9月初,聖嬰(El Niño)現象正在快速增強,真正值得關注的是,今年秋末至冬季可能達到高峰,預測10月至12月將進入非常強的階段,Niño 3.4/RONI可能達到+2.5°C以上的歷史極強等級。

林得恩在臉書粉專「林老師氣象站」發布貼文稱,美國國家海洋暨大氣總署(NOAA)目前評估,這一季達到歷史極強事件的機率約69%,「非常強聖嬰」的機率更超過90%。現階段有4項關鍵環境特徵值得關注。

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首先,今年聖嬰來襲,快速增暖的不只是東太平洋,而是整個赤道中、東太平洋。目前最明顯的訊號,是赤道東太平洋海溫距平,也就是與同時期氣候平均相比的差異,已經超過+2°C。

其二,林得恩指出,最大的關鍵並非表面海溫,而是「海洋次表層暖水正在往東輸送」,這是2026年聖嬰能否持續增強的核心關鍵。

根據NOAA資料,2026年7月赤道太平洋次表層暖水異常明顯,部分區域次表層海溫距平甚至達到約+10°C;與此同時,赤道太平洋的溫躍層(thermocline)也出現明顯加深的訊號。

其三,今年下半年信風減弱,甚至出現低層西風距平。林得恩說,正常情況下,東風信風會將暖海水推向西太平洋,形成西暖東冷的情況;當聖嬰發展、東風開始減弱後,西太平洋暖水便會向東回流,使中、東太平洋增暖愈來愈明顯。

其四,「海洋訊號」與「大氣訊號」正同步演進。林得恩指出,如果只有海溫升高,可能只是暫時的暖水事件,但目前海洋與大氣訊號同時出現。

包括Niño 3.4升溫、東太平洋海水溫度高於+2°C、次表層暖水增強、溫躍層變化、西風距平、東太平洋對流增強,以及印尼對流減弱等現象,都顯示2026年已經形成「海洋—大氣耦合型聖嬰」的重要特徵。

林得恩表示,今年聖嬰正在快速增強,預測今年秋末至冬季將達到高峰,其中10月至12月可能進入非常強的階段,後續發展值得關注。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 2026年10月至12月聖嬰將進入非常強階段,Niño 3.4/RONI可能達到+2.5°C以上

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 此次聖嬰峰值將持續多久?
  • 對台灣及東亞地區的具體氣候影響為何?
  • 是否會觸發全球糧食或能源供應鏈風險?

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