2026年上半年,中国固定资产投资总体增速波动,但结构性变化显著:房地产开发投资同比下降19.9%,高技术制造业和服务业投资分别增长3.5%、8.4%,信息服务业投资增长22.7%。投资逻辑正从规模扩张转向质量提升,政策密集落地以推动投资止跌回稳和结构优化,民间投资获财政金融支持超1.24万亿元,投资机会正向新旧动能转换、技术创新和民生领域转移。
AI-generated summary
2026年已过大半,固定资产投资增速出现曲线波动,但更值得关注的是水面之下正在发生的结构之变,传统动能与新动能之间正呈现深度分化格局。
2026年已过大半,虽然固定资产投资增速出现曲线波动,但比总量数字更值得关注的,是水面之下正在发生的结构之变,传统动能与新动能之间正呈现深度分化格局。
投资逻辑从“规模扩张”转向“质量提升”。
2026年以来固定资产投资最突出的特征就是房地产开发投资持续深度下行,高技术产业投资保持稳健增长。
1—8月份,全国房地产开发投资47979亿元,同比下降19.9%,直接拖累整体投资增速。但高技术制造业投资同比增长3.5%,高技术服务业投资同比增长8.4%,与人工智能等新产业密切相关的信息服务业投资增长22.7%。
数据的变化是新旧发展动能转换、投资由总量扩张向质量提升转变的客观反映。
房地产、钢铁、化工、大型基建等传统重资产行业具有投资规模大、建设周期长、资本密集度高的特点,其投资对总量的拉动作用显著。而软件开发、人工智能、信息服务、研发设计等技术密集型行业,更多依赖人力资本和知识资本投入,固定资产投资规模相对较小。随着经济结构从“钢筋水泥”转向“芯片代码”,同样的GDP增量所需要的固定资产投资自然减少。
这种“投资密度”的变化是经济结构升级的必然结果,也是高质量发展阶段的客观规律。当下,投资逻辑正从“规模扩张”转向“质量提升”,从“铺摊子”转向“上台阶”。
比如,1—8月份,全国知识产权产品投资同比增长9.2%,占全部投资的比重为15.2%,这一数据的快速增长表明,经济增长引擎正从资本积累转向技术创新,也印证了投资正从“有形资产”向“无形资产”转变的趋势。
政策密集落地,力度空前。
当前投资高度依赖政策驱动。2025年12月中央经济工作会议明确提出,2026年要“推动投资止跌回稳”。围绕这一目标,政策正在密集落地。
在政府投资方面,核心举措是加快各类政府资金的投放和使用,尽早形成实物工作量。国家发展改革委明确从三方面发力促进投资止跌回稳和结构优化。其一,推动各类政府投资尽快到位,统筹抓好“两重”建设,抓住三季度施工旺季,加快8000亿元新型政策性金融工具资金投放使用,加快专项债发行使用。其二,推动条件成熟的重大工程项目加快开工建设,扎实推进“十五五”规划纲要提出的109项重大工程。其三,协同推进“六张网”的规划建设,以及综合立体交通、低空经济、“人工智能+”、消费、教育医疗等五大基础设施和公共服务设施的规划建设。新型政策性金融工具预计将撬动项目总投资规模约10万亿元。
在激发民间投资方面,政府出台了一揽子财政金融支持政策,力度之大前所未有。今年中央财政专门安排1000亿元,推出财政金融协同促内需一揽子6项政策,统筹推进促消费、扩投资,其中4项支持民间投资。仅上半年,4项促投资政策就惠及民间投资超1.24万亿元。
在激发经济活力的改革措施方面,政府着力破除体制机制障碍、优化投资环境。各地纷纷出台促进民间投资发展的具体措施。国家层面强调要“坚持投资于物和投资于人紧密结合”,体现了投资理念从单纯追求规模扩张向更加注重人的发展和民生改善的转变。
投资方向变了,但投资机会并不少。
面对当前固定资产投资面临的挑战,政府有充分的能力和足够的政策空间守住底线,保证基本的经济增速和民生福祉。
从资金保障看,下半年政府资金保障充分。6月新增专项债发行已明显提速,8000亿元新型政策性金融工具将加快落地显效,5000亿元民间投资专项担保计划持续发力。
从政策储备看,政府已明确表示将“以更大的力度激发投资的内生动力”。各类增量政策工具储备充分,可根据形势变化择机推出。
从项目支撑看,“十五五”规划纲要提出的109项重大工程、“六张网”和五大基础设施的规划建设正在有序推进,项目储备充分。
投资有望在政策加持下逐步企稳,固定资产投资降幅有望逐步收窄。中国经济长期向好的基本面没有改变,投资结构的优化升级正在为高质量发展积蓄更为坚实的动能,带来新的投资机会。
而未来,加快资金投放、拓宽投资领域、深化改革将是三个发力方向。投资方向上,应聚焦新旧动能转换,在传统产业技术改造、关键核心技术攻关、城市更新、乡村基础设施建设、民生高质量供给等领域挖掘投资潜力。
对于当下的中国来说,投资的方向变了,但投资的机会并不少——只是新的机会需要新的眼光去发现、新的机制去承接。
作者:刘青 中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院执行院长、教授
(“三里河”工作室)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
固定资产投资降幅将在下半年逐步收窄
Likely · Within months
投资结构将继续向高技术产业和知识密集型行业倾斜
Likely · Within months
政府将继续以更大力度激发投资的内生动力
Very likely · Within months

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