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Back退休後財務危機:日本男子買房後每月花光年金,陷入退休破產
退休後財務危機:日本男子買房後每月花光年金,陷入退休破產
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自由时报1 hour agoFinance3 min readChinaView translation

退休後財務危機:日本男子買房後每月花光年金,陷入退休破產

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日本68歲男子三津夫退休後用1500萬日圓買房,但因退休後生活節奏改變、消費無計畫,導致每月花光年金並動用存款,健康亦受影響,專家指出退休後首要步驟是了解錢花到哪裡,而非極端節省。

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Why It Matters

三津夫為終身未婚的公司員工,退休前住在公司宿舍,消費較少,存款逐漸累積。退休後領取每月15萬日圓年金,最初計畫買房以減少未來房租負擔。

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退休後最重要的第一步,不是立刻開始極端節省,而是先搞清楚「錢到底花到哪裡」。(示意圖,彭博)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕退休後有房、有存款、有年金,照理說應該能安心享受晚年。然而,日本一名68歲男子在3年前退休時,手握3000萬日圓(約新台幣599萬元)老本。退休後,他拿錢一次付清購買一間中古公寓,原以為已經解決人生最後的居住問題,加上每月還有年金,應該可以安穩度過晚年。沒想到退休後生活逐漸失去節奏,花錢方式也變得沒有計畫,最後演變成每月花光年金、甚至提前動用存款的窘境,一步步走向「退休破產」。

日媒體報導,68歲的三津夫(化名)高中畢業後便進入公司工作,一直做到退休。由於終身未婚,他過去一直享有相對自由的消費空間。工作期間住在公司宿舍,住房支出不高,加上平時沒有太多時間花錢,因此即使沒有刻意節省,存款仍逐漸累積。

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65歲退休後,他開始思考未來的居住問題。原本他打算繼續租屋,但想到退休後主要收入來源只剩每月15萬日圓(約新台幣3萬元)年金,如果還要長期負擔房租,未來生活壓力可能增加,因此最後決定直接買房。

尋找半年後,他找到一間符合需求的中古公寓,他拿出1500萬日圓(約新台幣300萬元)老後資金一次付清房款。買房後,每月仍須支付約1.3萬日圓(約新台幣2596元)的管理費與修繕積基金,但他認為這筆支出並不會造成太大負擔。

然而,退休半年後,他開始發現生活出現另一個問題。過去每天都要上班,時間自然被工作填滿;退休後,突然多出大量自由時間,反而讓三津夫不知道該如何打發。他開始沒有特定目的地外出,有時只是到處走走,到了外面便順便吃飯,偶爾購買一些東西。每一次支出金額可能都不大,但長期下來,花錢的頻率明顯增加。

更大的問題是,他原本就不是一個習慣精確管理支出的人。上班時因為沒有時間消費,錢自然慢慢存下來;退休後則完全相反,時間變多,消費機會也跟著增加。

三津夫甚至無法說出自己一個月究竟花掉多少錢。直到他開始發現,每兩個月領取一次的年金,經常撐不到下一次入帳日,才逐漸感受到財務壓力。

沒有外出的日子,他便整天待在家裡。家中經常備有泡麵、零食等食物,啤酒等酒精飲料也成了日常生活的一部分。這種生活也開始反映在健康上。由於長期缺乏運動,再加上暴飲暴食,三津夫退休後體重增加了10公斤,健康檢查也被指出有生活習慣病問題。

財務上的問題也因此逐漸惡化。原本每月15萬日圓的年金收入,逐漸變成「領多少就花多少」,甚至還不夠用。到了下一次年金入帳前約10天,他越來越常需要動用原本的存款。

但問題是,他知道自己正在花錢,卻不知道究竟應該從哪裡開始改變。報導指出,從財務規劃的角度來看,三津夫退休後花1500萬日圓買房本身未必是錯誤決定。但真正需要注意的是,退休後他的收入結構、生活節奏與消費習慣同時發生變化,卻沒有建立新的財務管理方式。

對三津夫而言,另一項問題是沒有可以依靠的家人。一旦未來發生疾病、失能或其他突發狀況,除了醫療與照護支出之外,也可能面臨財產管理與生活照顧等問題。因此,單純擁有一間沒有房貸的房子,並不能代表老後財務就已經安全。

專家建議,退休後最重要的第一步,不是立刻開始極端節省,而是先搞清楚「錢到底花到哪裡」。不過,專家也提醒,退休理財並不是「越省越好」。老後資金真正的目的,不只是讓人「有錢可花」,而是支撐一個人直到人生最後階段的生活。如何在有限的收入與資產之間取得平衡,把錢用在真正重要的地方,才是退休後財務管理需要面對的課題。

一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 三津夫將在未來數月內尋求財務諮詢師協助以重新規劃退休後收支

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 三津夫是否會尋求專業財務規劃協助?
  • 他的健康問題是否會進一步惡化並增加醫療支出?
  • 他是否有親友或社會資源可以提供支持?

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