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Back急性脑出血的识别、急救与预防指南
急性脑出血的识别、急救与预防指南
Health
中国新闻网17 hours agoHealth4 min readChinaView translation

急性脑出血的识别、急救与预防指南

学会早期识别、正确急救、提前预防,尽量降低脑出血的损害

Quick Look

本文介绍了急性脑出血的早期识别方法、突发时的现场急救原则以及日常预防措施。脑出血起病急骤且致死致残率极高,了解“炸裂样剧痛”等5大典型症状并掌握拨打120及正确搬运等急救知识至关重要。

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Why It Matters

急性脑出血是非外伤性的脑血管破裂,血液溢出压迫脑组织,起病急骤且致死致残率极高。

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急性脑出血,俗称“脑溢血”,是指非外伤性的脑血管破裂,血液溢出压迫脑组织。它起病急骤,常表现为剧烈头痛、呕吐、意识障碍,致死致残率极高。因此应学会早期识别、正确急救、提前预防,尽量降低脑出血的损害。

如何区分普通头痛和脑出血头痛?

剧烈头痛是急性脑出血的常见症状,不少人头痛头晕不当回事,错过了最佳救治时机,但普通头痛和急性脑出血头痛体感差异明显:

普通头痛:间断隐痛、胀痛,休息、服药后可缓解,无其他伴随不适,不影响行动。

脑出血头痛(高危信号):突发炸裂样剧痛,无任何前兆,持续加重,休息、止痛无效,常伴随恶心、喷射性呕吐。

识别5大典型症状

有以下任意1项,无需观望,立即拨打120!

头痛呕吐:突发剧烈头痛,伴随喷射性呕吐,与饮食、劳累无关;

口角歪斜:面部不对称、嘴角歪斜,微笑时症状尤为明显;

言语障碍:说话含糊、大舌头,无法正常交流或听不懂他人话语;

肢体偏瘫:单侧手脚麻木、无力,持物掉落、走路歪斜;

意识异常:突发嗜睡、反应迟钝、烦躁,严重时昏迷。

突发脑出血如何现场急救?

脑出血急性发作时,要牢记“就地处理、就近治疗、减少颠簸、密切观察”的原则:

尽量减少搬动,千万不要猛烈摇晃患者,忌情绪激动地大声叫喊,应让患者平卧,头歪向一侧,松解患者的衣领,留心并清除患者口中的呕吐物,以防堵塞呼吸道窒息而亡。

同时要拨打急救电话,尽快到最近的医院救治。需要提醒的是,有些患者会选择自行前往医院,认为更节省时间,但普通交通工具缺少急救设备,路上若突发意外难以应对。

如何预防脑出血?

临床90%以上脑出血可预防,核心在于管控慢病、规避伤血管诱因:

严控基础病(重中之重):高血压是首要诱因,患者需规律服药、定期监测血压,严禁擅自停药减药;同时管控血糖、血脂,保护脑血管。

稳定情绪:避免暴怒、过度激动、大喜大悲,情绪骤变会瞬间升高血压,诱发血管破裂。

规避高危动作:杜绝突然用力搬重物、憋气排便、剧烈运动,减少血压骤升风险。

改掉不良习惯:杜绝长期熬夜、酗酒、高盐高脂饮食,减少血管损伤。

定期体检筛查:成年人每年常规体检,高危人群(有慢病和家族病史、久坐熬夜的习惯)应定期做脑血管筛查,早发现早干预。

提醒大家,脑出血不是老年人的专属病,切勿抱有侥幸心理。日常应做好生活方式管控,留意身体发出的异常信号。一旦出现疑似症状,第一时间拨打120,切勿拖延、自行服药,把握黄金救治时间。

Open Questions

  • 不同年龄段的具体发病率是多少?
  • 脑血管筛查的最佳项目有哪些?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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