
高雄市立凱旋醫院司法精神科醫師劉潤謙指出,精神疾病診斷不等同於免責,必須評估犯罪當時判斷與行為控制能力,並強調司法精神鑑定需結合病史、證據與臨床觀察,最終責任認定由法院判斷,治療由醫療承擔,降低再犯需司法、醫療與社會共同努力。
AI-generated summary
近年部分重大刑事案件中,嫌疑人涉及精神疾病時,常被質疑其刑事責任,並擔心其回到社區後成為治安隱憂。
2026/09/26 10:14
高雄市立凱旋醫院司法精神科醫師劉潤謙表示,面對精神疾病與犯罪,應建立在證據與專業上的判斷。(記者許麗娟攝)
〔記者許麗娟/高雄報導〕近年部分重大刑事案件,只要嫌疑人涉及精神疾病,就被質疑「有精神疾病就可以不用負責嗎?」並憂心回到社區繼續成為治安未爆彈。對此,高雄市立凱旋醫院司法精神科醫師劉潤謙表示,司法精神鑑定並非「有沒有精神病」這麼簡單,而是進一步釐清精神疾病在犯罪行為發生當時,他的判斷及行為控制能力造成多大的影響。
劉潤謙指出,依我國刑法第19條規定,必須是行為人在犯罪當時,判斷能力或行為能力受到精神疾病影響而完全喪失或顯著下降,才能予以免刑或是減刑。換言之,精神疾病的診斷本身,並不等同於沒有刑事責任。
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劉潤謙表示,精神科醫師不能只看被告現在是否有幻聽、妄想或憂鬱症,而必須像拼圖一般,回溯犯罪前、犯罪當時及犯罪後的精神狀態,包括疾病史、就醫紀錄、犯案動機、行為是否具有計畫性、犯案過程中的反應、犯後是否逃避或隱匿,以及相關證人與卷證資料,再配合心理衡鑑及臨床觀察,盡可能重建行為當時的精神狀態。司法精神鑑定提供的是醫療及行為科學上的專業判斷;最終是否符合法條所規定的責任能力要件,仍屬法院的法律判斷。
此外,精神疾病犯罪被判無罪後也不是司法制度就對其束手無策。劉潤謙說,如果行為人的犯罪行為是因為精神疾病所導致,刑期卻沒有好好治療其精神疾病,等他刑滿釋放,若有高度再犯風險,法院可以裁定行為人接受監護處分,透過治療和持續的風險評估,讓病情穩定、降低再犯可能,也為將來能夠安全回到社區做準備。
劉潤謙強調,成熟的司法精神醫療制度,不應只在重大案件發生後討論「要不要關起來」,而應建立從司法精神鑑定、住院治療、風險評估、監護處分,到分級照護及社區復歸的完整連續性服務。面對精神疾病與犯罪,應建立在證據與專業上的判斷,該負的法律責任,由司法判斷;該接受的疾病治療,由醫療承擔;而如何降低下一次悲劇發生,則需要司法、醫療與社會共同完成。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
未來將加強司法精神鑑定與社區復歸服務的銜接
Likely · Within months

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